Paternity "Ask the Experts"

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(Fairfax Identity Laboratories is a DNA testing lab. Their postings are not to be construed as legal advice.)
(A local attorney should be consulted for matters of law.)

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Answer: I cannot answer questions about benefits but consider that you will need the mother's permision to test the child and of course you will need the child. If you and your son's biologicial father are availabe you can do a grandparentage test with the child or you could use deceased samples from the father gather from either the medical examination if an autopsy was performed OR from an exhumation. If the father had OTHER children, then a sibling relationship study can be performed. I hope this helps.

Answer: Pigmentation, whether it be of eyes, skin, or hair, is due to not one gene but several in combination. You have to understand that any pigment is made in the body by a series of biochemical processes that occur one after another. Imagine that the series goes something like: Molecule A ----> Molecule B ----> Molecule C ---> Pigment where the Pigment is the stuff that makes eyes brown, hair dark, or skin dark. The way this works is that if my body has Molecule A but can't turn it into Molecule B, then, up to a point, my body will build up a bunch of Molecule A. If my body could make B, then I could make C from it, and from C I could make Pigment. The important point is that, without being able to make B from A, neither will I make C or Pigment, and my eyes will be blue. I have sex with a girl who also has blue eyes, but her eyes are blue, but her lack of the brown pigment isn't because she can't make B, but instead she can't turn B into C. She can make B just fine, but doesn't have the genetic makeup that allows her to go to the next step. Since C is necessary to make Pigment, her eyes are blue, too, just like mine but for a different reason. The abilities to turn A into B, or B into C, or C into Pigment is hereditary. If our encounter creates a child, that child can gain the mother's abiity to turn A into B, which I can't do, and gets my ability to turn B into C, which the mom can't do. This child of ours now can carry out each of the transformations in the sequence, and the result is brown eyes.

Answer: No. The gender marker is not used in calculating a likelihood of paternity.

Answer: This tells me first of all that you're giving the results of a motherless test, that is, one in which a sample from the mother was not tested. If it were, the X value would be either 0.5 or 0.25, most likely. The X value is the likelihood of the tested parent(s) producing the child. The Y value is the likelihood of finding that child in a randomly-chosen population. The ratio of the two (X/Y) is the paternity index. A value of 86+ indicates that the characteristic that the child and the tested man share is relatively rare, and on the basis of this one trait, evidence is relatively strong that the man and the child are related.

Answer: Whether a child inherits a gene from a parent or not is a matter of chance. If the mother is, to use your example, 29, 31.2, then the odds of inheriting the 29 or the 31.2 are 50/50 The same is true for inheriting a gene from the father. The odds of the child inheriting the 29 from the mother and the 27 from the father are 50% x 50%, or 25%, which is not a very small probability; 25% of the time, you will see this happen. On the basis of what you have presented, there is no reason to do any further testing. The results are not at all unusual.

Answer: The tests that were run back then included genetic factors that didn't have a very high ability to exclude a tested man. Without doing the calculations, I would guess that the probability wasn't high enough to reach the legally dictated level. Either that, or the judge/jury didn't understand the science of it and so didn't consider it. You ought to be able to get a transcript of the legal proceedings to find out what happened. You could do DNA based testing at this date, using samples from the alleged father's siblings or VERIFIED children. Alternatively, samples from the deceased individuals could be used if they're available. If there are hospital or autopsy samples from the alleged grandparents, those could be used. What, exactly, would be gained, however, in opening this investigation up more than 25 years after the original test? If it's to have a connection to the father's family for the sake of that connection alone, be sure you're not going to stir up any animosity. At least, since the child is no longer a minor, nobody should get defensive about anybody seeking back support. That can't be done.

Answer: unless you can actually speak to someone on the phone, you should NEVER buy a paternity kit from someone online. While you can freely download our kits and send a total of only 165 dollars to pay for the complete test, we always include a support number to help you during the collection process so that you know that we are for real. Not knowing anything about this lab, I would be hesitant to comment.

Answer: in a case like this the ONLY thing you can do is to retest--but make sure she is footing the bill. Sabotage is always possible but is unlikely. She is challenging your results and so she needs to come up with the cash--it is that simple. Also--NO home kits in this case--full service, court admissible, and collected by someone at a collection site.

Answer: I suggest you do a paternity test--it is extremely unlikel;y that the child's blood type would be a B. I have never heard of it but I am sure someone on the internet will agree with your wife but it seems to me, having done research yourself that you don't have a confirmation to her claim. Get a test. You can get a private downloadable home test by going to Fairfaxidlab.com for only 165 dollars. That will definitely settle the issue. When you get there, click on pricing and you want product number three.

Answer: You are asking us to speculate on this woman's promiscuity? We will not do that. If you had sex with her then consider that is could be likely that you are the father of the child--then consider having a paternity test after the child is born.

Answer: Well, insurance will not cover a paternity test--however, we have one that is only 165 dollars (add an extra 55 dollars for the second child ) that you can download either at our website, fairfaxidlab.com or at Divorcenet's sister site, paternitynet.com. I would strongly suggest that you do one of these. Regards.

Answer: sure, it is called a motherless calculation and nowadays the tests are very accurate.

Answer: It is certainly possible using POC or Products of Conception if enough fetal cells can be collected

Answer: in the case of there of a man being "NOT THE FATHER" the result is 100 percent conclusive. Neither of these men fall within the ocnception period. Either there is a third man or a sample was mishandled by the person who took the sample. I suspect it was the former and that there is a third man.

Answer: Put this to bed immediately. Do not offer help until she consents to a paternity test.

Answer: uncle to niece or nephew tests are very iffy in nature. If you call 1-800-234-2528, the lab can help you put together a possible testing scenario.

Answer: The braid is useless. You need to contact the medical examiner's office and see about getting the samples released for a test. If you need help in getting the test set up contact Lonna Hall at 800-234-2528.

Answer: These are EXCELLENT questions to ask any lab that wants to sell you a paternity test. You can tell by their answers if they actually know what they are talking about and, personally, I won't buy from ANYONE who doesn't know their own product. Here are the answers:Which is more accurate, the swab or blood test?--Neither--they are the same. Both are vehicles for retrieving samples for a test. In blood, the dna is extracted from the white cells while in swabs the dna is extracted from the buccals. HOW CAN one be more accurate then the other? The only notable exception to my comments on blood and buccal is with blood--there is a second kind of test called an HLA test which is commonly referred to as a blood test. It is an immunological marker test and is NOT as powerful or as accurate as a dna test. does it make a difference if one or both parents do the test?--no, NOT REALLY but if you supply the mother you are making the task at hand simpler. Today's technology makes is easier to perform a dna test without the mother but sometimes the lab will be forced into performing extra testing which can hinder,in some instances, the turnaround time. Having the mother available usually allows the lab to be able to bypass the need for additional testing.

Answer: No. both parents should test if there is a doubt as to the paternity of the child. Eyes have nothing to do with it.

Answer: sounds like the hospital is putting pressure on you to sign some papers. They CLAIM they have a deadline for getting these in--I have seen hospitals wait for results to come back. Have a lawyer contact the hospital on your behalf and make sure that NOTHING gets processed until you have your results back. By the way, talk to them BEFORE you acquire the lawyer--you might start with the medical records people and if that doesn't work--talk to administrators--doctors and nurses won't be able to help you with this. You may also want to contact child support enforcement to see if marriage is considered conclusive proof of paternity.

Answer: Oh, goodness no! Samples are collected from the mouth so no invasive action will occur that oculd endanger your child.

Answer: The child would have been conceived somewhere between October 15 to around October 30th. You did not indicate when you had sex with the other man so it is hard to tell if he falls into the ocnception period. the court may be hesitant to order a test on a child who has a legal father--what I would do would be to do a home test with your husband to see if he actually is or is not the father. You can download an inexpensive version at our website--165 dollars.

Answer: Actually the LMP would be more like December 7th which would make the conception date somewhere between December 7th and December 22nd.

Answer: I guess my question is can he even GET a paternity test on a child that he is supposed to be paying support on. Lastly, you have to discuss outcomes directly with child support. We cannot answewr that question. To start,he needs to contact child support to make sure they will accept a paternity test.

Answer: BECAUSE I DELETED THEM. AS WE HAVE STATED BEFORE, WE ARE NOT LAWYERS AND CANNOT COMMENT ON THE RIGHTS AND LAWS OF EACH STATE. HAVING SAID THIS, PLEASE BE AWARE THAT WE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THESE QUESTIONS AND THAT THEY WILL BE DELETED FROM THE BOARD.

Answer: Risks must be assessed by a medical physician. You can do a paternity test at the 10th week of preganancy.

Answer: The child would have been conceived between March 1st and March 15th based on the information that you have supplied.

Answer: I think you have asked this quesiton before--the answer is no--the lab would be able to spot such shannanigans.

Answer: The child would have been conceived somewhere between July 23 through August 8th. You cannot pinpoint date of conception down to one date. It is a range.

Answer: For a home test kit--NO. For a court ready test, it depends on how the judge rules in the case. Ask your local lawyer for details on the legal aspect of this question.

Answer: The price of the test does not denote the quality of the test--that is irrelevant. You also tell me that this is a home kit so the results will not hold up in a court of law. It does not matter if the two people are collected together. From what you tell me about the saliva, I doubt seriously if it would have affected the results--the lab would have noticed if the child's sample contained two dna samples. First, the lab did not get the birth dates wrong--if this is a home kit which is what you are indicating then the collectors are getting it wrong--NOT THE LAB. The lab is only testing what it receives. It assumes that the collectors are honest enough to submit the test correctly. I would believe these results.

Answer: Based on the LMP, it is more likely that the EDD is 11/11/04 which would make the time of conception between February 4th and February 16th so based on the informatin that has been supplied--yes it is possbile and he should look into getting a test as soon as the baby is born.

Answer: It doesn't sound like the lab has much genetic information to go on. I might suggest that you contact Lonna Durrance at 800-234-2528 and consult with her about a new test if it is at all possible. She will want to know everyone who is available for testing.

Answer: From the time of birth-less then one day old.

Answer: I don't know where you are getting the idea that any allele is a racial indicator. Both allele 7 and allele 9.3 at the TH01 locus are found in ALL racial populations. The frequency within a particular population may vary, but neither the locus nor any of its alleles are "racial indicators."

Answer: First off, the points about eye color are irrelevant. I'm not sure why they're even mentioned since they have little bearing on paternity establishment. As for the numerical sequencing, it depends on how the samples are processed within the lab. If by "we took the test together," the writer means that everybody's sample was taken at exactly the same time at the courthouse, then those samples should have been package together and sent to the lab together. It would be the case, again in some labs but not necessarily all, that the package would have been opened and all three samples (mom, child, and tested man) cataloged together, in which case they might be expected to have sequential numbers. However, if there was some contentiousness between this tested man and the mother, it would be normal for the mother and the child to have their samples taken at a time separate from the tested man. Some people just don't play well together under situations of disputed parentage, and a wise court will separate them when possible. In that case, the man may have had his sample packaged at a time different from the mother and the child. That package would have been opened at the lab at a different time and thus would have a number out of sequence from the other two. I would assume that this is likely to have happened here, especially in light of the writer's comment that "the test was compromised and it happened at the court." The only way I can think of that anybody would suspect something like this would be if the samples were not packaged up at the same time. Then, as I suggested, the numerical sequence of the samples is not remarkable at all.

Answer: There seems to be a growing conviction, coming from where I don't know, that a certain NUMBER of markers needs to be tested for a test to be valid. THIS IS MISLEADING. What is necessary is that the test combination exclude a certain percentage of men who, in validation studies, would be falsely accused of fathering a child. For example, if the power of exclusion of a combination of tests is 99.99%, this means that 99.99% of the men, who are not fathers but are accused by the mother of being their child's father, will in fact be excluded by the test combination. In theory, that could happen if only six or seven markers are tested, and no reputable lab will test fewer than this. However, there is NO need to test every available genetic marker in order to issue a valid paternity evaluation report. If you want that level of certainty, fine, but no lab should tell you that you MUST have a very large number of markers tested or else your test is no good. If they tell you that, they're trying to take your money for no valid reason.

Answer: Some of what you cite indicates a lack of professionalism, certainly, on the lab's part, and I, too, would wonder about their overall credibility in view of the questions raised. As for the length of time that the lab took to get the results to you, it sounds odd but then again, things can happen in spite of quality of the original sample. If you want peace of mind, a retest won't hurt.

Answer: The three markers you cite are not off. There are matches between the man and the child on all three: The D18 has the man and the child with a 19, the D13 has the man and the child with 14, and the D16 has the man and the child sharing 13. Therefore, I don't understand your question.

Answer: We off free downloadable test kits and reduced prices as a GENUINE AABB certified Laboratory. We are the ONLY laboratory that uses an AABB adapted chain of custody with our test kit. We conduct the same quality and standards that are used on our Full Service (court prepared test). Honestly, I would only use ours-we require a witness and full identification. That is why you can trust us--not because a television personality told you to use it or because a kit is free but cause we don't EVER sacrifice the quality of our product The reason our tests are cheap is NOT because we are trying to lure buyers but because we work very hard at eliminating overhead and there is NOT a single reason to pass the cost of a test off onto a client. You can take a look at our QuickHIT downloadable series by going to Fairfax Identity Laboratories Look at product offering number three.

Answer: We off free downloadable test kits and reduced prices as a GENUINE AABB certified Laboratory. We are the ONLY laboratory that uses an AABB adapted chain of custody with our test kit. We conduct the same quality and standards that are used on our Full Service (court prepared test). Honestly, I would only use ours-we require a witness and full identification. That is why you can trust us--not because a television personality told you to use it or because a kit is free but cause we don't EVER sacrifice the quality of our product The reason our tests are cheap is NOT because we are trying to lure buyers but because we work very hard at eliminating overhead and there is NOT a single reason to pass the cost of a test off onto a client. You can take a look at our QuickHIT downloadable series by going to aFairfax Identity Laboratories Look at product offering number three.

Answer: absolutely--as long as the lab knows that a common relationship exists between the two father.

Answer: It is likely that the child was conceived in OCTOBER and not in December based upon the dat of birth of the child.

Answer: Chances are that the samples from that time may have been eliminated to make space or other newer cases. You need to check with the lab that did the test to see if sample is available. If not then you will have to do a new test.

Answer: You are an adult--she cannot test your samples without your consent. Also, the samples are NO good because of the way that they were collected. I will tell you that she will need more then ONE hair.

Answer: It's kind of an odd way to dry a swab since they dry pretty quickly but I can see no reason why holding a swab in from of a fan would cause it to become contaminated. Besides, if you used a competent lab and there are AT LEAST a couple out there then the lab should be able to pick up on any odd readings.

Answer: The only time that you HAVE to submit to a paternity test is if you are ordered by a court. If you do not do the test voluntarily then the mother could ask the court to intervene.

Answer: lET ME JUST SAY THIS AS I HAVE SAID MANY TIMES BEFORE. IF YOU POST A QUESTION HERE THAT SHOULD BE ASKED OF AN ATTORNEY IT WILL BE DELETED. WE ARE NOT LAWYERS AND WE NEVER WILL BE.

Answer: I have identical triplet brothers Two have slept with the same girl and she got pregnant. They both had a DNA test, which obviously resulted in the same number results. ONE of them is the father, but we will never know which one through testing. The courts in Washington county, Minnesota are still pursuing a jury trial to make one responsible for paying child support. Is this legal, or do they have any grounds to do this? Why can't my brothers lawyers (who are working together in this case)ask for this case to be thrown out since it will never be determined who the actual father is?

Answer: I guess my quetion to you is why dont you just find a lab that will sell you the 16 markers (this is the new DNA hype to sell tests by the way) and have this retested? My reccolection is that ************ which was acquired by ***** was one of the best labs in the country at the time. The testing you have here does not reflect ther quality but instead reflects the requirement of the American Association of Bloodbanks (AABB). It would not hurt for you to retest is you feel at ALL uncomfortable with the test.

Answer: If you have the a sibling and you KNOW you share the same father, then do a sibling study to determine maternity. If you are siblings then you will whole--if she is NOT your mother then you will only be half sibs.

Answer: Your last menstrual should calculate with the due date. In this case if your last menstrual period was december 21st then your probable due date would calculate out to be Sepember 27th. NOW if your due date is actually September 27th, then the date RANGE of conception would have occurred somewhere between December 21st and January 5th so your doctor is correcto. EITHER man could be the father of the child.

Answer: The mother has to pass either an A or a B gene to any child she has, and the child will express that gene. That is, the child will be either A or B or AB, depending on what the type of the father is. Whether there is an incestuous relationship or not is irrelevant. "Not usually" means that a mutation would have to occur. Mutations are rare by definition, hence they are "not usually" seen.

Answer: We cannot assist you with legal inforamtion but I would start by consult with a family law attorney.

Answer: not without a parent, conservator, guardian or a court order.

Answer: He doesn't know me and I am not known for doing "favors". What you want to do in this case is make sure that you pick the lab and that you control the collections. It is possible for him to exert influence on the collection. I will not speak for other labs that I do not know but frankly for 405 dollars a test (legal version) i am not going to sacrifice my career.

Answer: Well, it would not be a matter of quality control assurances. When labs extract the dna they will know immediately the sex of the child. You cannot trick a lab on the molecular matter.

Answer: There is actually two ways--confront her and ask for a maternity test--if you have a brother or a sister that you KNOW she gave birth to test to see if you are siblings.

Answer: conception would have clearly happened in May.

Answer: You're misreading the report--5 out of 15 LOCI and that is a very BIG exclusion so according to the test you are not the father. I CANNOT over emphasize that ANYTIME you doubt a paternity test, get a second opinion--that means have a NON HOME test to verify the first.

Answer: Only the paternity test can tell you. Good luck.

Answer: not likely.

Answer: At your stage, you should wait until the baby is born--you only have to wait a couple of days--not weeks. By the way, if your LMP is 12/15/03 then the range of conception would be 12/15/03 to 12/30/03.

Answer: No,not possible.

Answer: It is his right to have access to those results--it only takes 5-7 days for a GOOD lab to process a test. Contact the lab and find out what the hold up is and how he can get a copy of the results. IF the lab does not cooperate, then get a supoena.

Answer: 95 percent leaves a 5 percent margin of error. The test is not finished. They either need to finish the test or you can grab one of inexpensive home kits that are listed in our moste recent threads. Our test ARE accurate.

Answer: Oh, good lord--you DO know those samples were shipped to Canada and tested by a foreign lab, right. So, the results are NOT endorsed by the AABB and the results, no matter what the lab tells you, are NOT statistically validated in this country not to mention that courts generally DO NOT recognize prenatal test to begin with. NOW assuming that you have invested a pile of money in this test, wait unti the baby is born and do one of our INEXPENSIVE home versions. ANYONE who has the fetal cell separation test owes it to themselves to take this test. YOu can get the free downloadable kit by going to Free Downloadable FIL Paternity Test Kit" Good Luck!!!

Answer: Here is the REAL deal--honestly, it depends on what the court decides when the case is heard. The court has all of those options to choose from so the reason you are confused is because EVERYONE is right.

Answer: You can go to our website, Fairfax Identity Lab FREE Test Kit and look at product 3.. Just download the kit and you and the child and an impartial witness can do the test--quietly. Take care. ----- Original Message -----

Answer: Ok.....I have NO idea why you are saying this in this forum but let me cryptically state: "Let's see how far she is willing to go..."

Answer: Again, ours are--won't vouch for quality of others.

Answer: Ours are-- because we are an actual laboratory--there are centers and testings and facilities online that are nothing more then fronts for other labs so you may not like one lab for a particular reason and so you go online--see a product that you like and unbeknowst to you--the lab you did not like gets the test. How dishonest is that? ONLY use a company if you can verify they are an actual lab. Our phone number is all over the site--we are not afraid to be reached. I will not endorse other products on the net and watch out for companies that want to send you FREE kits. Just go to our site and download one--why wait and you don't put any money down until you send in the sample.

Answer: recalculation will likely just raise the percentage--race just helps narrow down the numbers--by the way, Italians are European Caucasion, not hispanic. Recalc couldnt hurt but is not necessary. Regarding your last question, most states do not require 99.9 or even 99.0--I have seen some states that stil accept 97 so the 99 percentile is courtesy of the labs--NOT THE STATE. Most are willing to settle for much less.

Answer: August 28th through september 11th

Answer: courts do not accept prenatal test results so you would be wasting your time with the so called fetal cell separation test which I understand can cost over 1000 dollars. If you can be more specific with your LMP I might be able to help you so drop me a line if you figure it out--happy to help.

Answer: DHR can do whatever they want--they are officers of the court.

Answer: It will NOT come back as 100 percent. 99.9 or better will be the best you can get but not 100. Also,the test does not have to come back at 99.9 or better--it only has to meet the state's requirement. If you search this forum you will find an link to the federal ocse and they have the percentages listed there.

Answer: Scientist place their reporting in carefully worded statements--because they have to and because, as scientists, I just don't think they can help themselves. Seriously though, our client, pick up the phone and call us--I will usually ask them to read the final statement and then I can explain to them. "Included" means he IS the father, Excluded means he is NOT the father--also look out for the biggest confuser of them all "NOT Excluded". That means that he IS the father. If you do not understand, just contact the lab and if they have good customer service then they should help you right out--if not--drop me a line here at the experts board.

Answer: If the father does not have custody of you and his name is not on your birth certificate then you will need the mother to sign for you.

Answer: Yes, you can still get pregant.

Answer: If he signed papers of ANY KIND OR RUFUSED TO sign papers or participate with or repond to the court OR he was married to the mother when these children were born then, YES the court can pretty much do whatever it wants.

Answer: The court will NOT address this until the baby is acutally born and don't look for the hospital to get involved with collecting a test is you are so ready to involve a court. Hospitals have risk management teams that encourage the hospitals to shy away from such issues.

Answer: a test should only take 5-7 days to complete. the baby will have EITHER the type of the mother OR the type of the father. The father does NOT determine the type.

Answer: Famous last words. When the child is financially a burden she is going to want some help--IF she goes on public aid-she will not come after you but the state certainly will because they are a collection agency. You have to sign to have your name placed on the certificate so DO NOT SIGN anything especially papers the hospital will try to hand to you to sign. If the state comes after you for support they will also want back support.

Answer: Unless he gets a court order, it is up to you if you want a test--if he obtains a court order then you must comply.

Answer: I am afraid I cannot help you here but keep trying different attorneys until you get one that will help. Ge the dna test (both tests) looked at by an AABB certificed laboratory. Finally, if you CANNOT get help resolving this issue--go to the media, the talk shows and even your congressman as well as the bar association and talk loudly. Good luck.

Answer: Your question is not clear to me but ALL states are empowered and are required by the Federal Government to establish paternity.

Answer: There are four possbile combinations with that type and O is one of them. So your answer is yes. I can't give you odds.

Answer: First, don't look for the courts to give you an order for this test. Your best bet would be to get with a rep at at dna lab and go over your options--the rep will ask you a series of questions so that he can advise you of the best test possible in your situation. You may be leaving out information here so talking to someone directly is important. The answer is yes, you can but you should brace yourself for an expensive and longe term test. You best bet is see if he has any other childrend and try to get them tested. Aunt or uncle relatiionship studies are very "hit and miss".

Answer: Bottom line: you can always refuse a test but the court can MAKE you the father is you refuse to cooperate.

Answer: This is a paternity forum and we do not give legal advice. I don't know the particulars of the case but the more people who are excluded the possibility for faher becomes great each time a man is eliminated. he should just wait for the results and at some point get some solid legal advice.

Answer: Probably the one night stand--you really need to get a pternity test.

Answer: according to what you are telling me NEITHER of them fall into the conception period which would be May 14 to May 27th. Was there a third guy you were with earlier?

Answer: I find it curious that he is claiming he is not the father, claims his HALF brother could be the father but he has never openly appealed to the court to have the HALF brother tested. There is a 0.01 percent chance that your husband is NOT the father of the child. To get the court to overturn the evidence he would NEED some pretty substantial verifiable proof that would or could be accepted into a court of law as evidence and that means evidence that is secured NOT to have been tampered with. November 29th to December 15th would have been the conception period but because the conception calculations are only estimates don't expect to be able to use it as evidence. Good luck.

Answer: you have a 50 50 chance either way--hard to tell at this point.

Answer: Your few friends should check their facts--6 months is absolutely NOT true. You can test as soon as the child enters this world. BTW, the 6 month myth in dna testing comes from the old HLA blood test where typically you drew blood at months but that was even untrue because hand sticks, finger stick and heel sticks were available to collec the child even earlier.

Answer: As we have posted many times before--10 weeks. You can't get a court order for an invasive procedure. If the woman refuses you will just have to wait.

Answer: Some labs will tell you differently but you need BOTH grandparents on the father's side. Otherwise, the lab is just smiling with teeth gleaming holding out a hand to take your money. Always get second opinions.

Answer: the child would have been conceived between May 31st and June 15th. Hope this helps.

Answer: None that I know of and since we don't perform the test before the 10th week I could not answer the second part of your question.

Answer: I haven't seen a test in the eighties in quite some time--simplly put--more testing on that man needed to be done and Missouri should have and probably did tell her that. Go ahead and do the test but keep very close eye on his collection and make sure you are famiiar with the lab that does the test and I would not use the first one--they did not finish the job.

Answer: will depend on if there are hair folicles. You may want to see if there was an autopsy--if there was, the coroner's office may have plenty of samples in storage.

Answer: will depend on if there are hair folicles. You may want to see if there was an autopsy--if there was, the coroner's office may have plenty of samples in storage.

Answer: you left out crucial information--the types and Rh of BOTH your parents. Looking at your siblings means nothing. Consider this though: a positive and a positive wil yield a negative or a positive. A negative and a negative will yield ONLY a negative and a negative and a positive will yield either a positive OR a negative. Hope this helps.

Answer: it is likely that he will continue to pay child support so you should see an attorney as soon as the results are available so that you can weigh your options.

Answer: Not very often if the first test was conducted correctly and was not a home test you did on your own(they weren't commonly available 8 years ago so it probably was not a home kit) and you did not send in a ringer or bribe someone. You should be ok.

Answer: no

Answer: You need her dna sample to compare to hers. As an adult you need her permission.

Answer: He probably should have check with her before putting out the money. All he can do how is see a lawyer.

Answer: 10 weeks.

Answer: When Family court comes for him he will need to request a paternity test at that time.

Answer: You will have to pay out of pocket. The decision as to have the test is entirely up to you but if money the weighing factor then it is cheaper to wait until the baby is born.

Answer: Yes, but you need his consent to use his dna

Answer: No,the sample would have expired by now and you are at 28 weeks. He will have to be patient and wait until the baby is born.

Answer: Your best bet is to get a court order so you will need an attorney.

Answer: It does NOT effect the outcome of the paternity test.

Answer: I am NOT going to tell you how to do that.

Answer: Take your boyfriend and go have a test--you are not going to resolve this by sitting around speculating. Just take a test.

Answer: They would not send the results to Greensboro, NC. There are no Paterity labs there anymore. As for you validating the results--well you can find out WHO the lab actually is and contact them yorself if you have questions about their procedures.

Answer: the conception would have ocurred between December 13th and December 28th.

Answer: If you mean Navy Seaman or the Merchant Marines then the answer is yes. If you mean SEMEN then YES IF the semen contains sperm. It is the sperm which penetrates the egg--the semen is the carrier.

Answer: With the approval of your physician you can do one at 10 weeks up until the 20th. Please see the many other postings that we have seen on this subject.

Answer: Wait until the child is born and have a paternity test through Child Support Enformcement. Prenatal testing is not recognized by the court system and so is useless if the is found to be the father. The procedures in this country is invasive and you CANNOT get a test at 6 months--you are too far along. There is a procedure in another country but it is not validated, cost OVER 1000 dollars American and frankly is a waste of time.

Answer: He can get the results by contacting the lab that did the testing. He might need a court order in order for the lab to be able to cooperate. Until you see the results you cannot tell who the father is. 88 percent is too low--99 percent is more accpetable.

Answer: I think she may be wasting her time if there were two excluded fathers and one OTHER father not tested--she is in denial--she needs to test the third guy and remove all of the variables.

Answer: If the twins are identical--no. If the twins are fraternal, then a standard paternity test will answer the question.

Answer: The lab that did the test for you should be very willing to answer these questions. If they aren't, you're not dealing with a very professional outfit. The loci are, to put it simply, regions of the DNA that exist in people, and that have different physical sizes in different people. The regions differ with regard to the number of times a small section of the DNA at these loci is repeated. The numbers recorded for the mother, the child, and the alleged father indicate the number of repeats. At each locus, the tested people will have two alleles, or forms of the marker. One of the alleles gets passed on to, or is inherited from, each of a person's parents. The PI or paternity index is the likelihood that the tested man is the father of the tested child, compared to the likelihood of finding those same genetic markers in the population by chance that the man and the child share.

Answer: NO REPUTABLE LABORATORY WOULD ASSIST YOU IN WHAT YOU ARE ASKING. IT IS DISHONEST.

Answer: Testing is done to reach a level stipulated by the state legislature where you live. That level is usually relatively low, however, considering the level of testing that can be done. However, the lab typically has a policy of testing to a certain probability of paternity, after which a report is issued. If the stipulated probability of paternity is 99.9% and that level of certainty is reached with after 9 markers, further testing is not automatically done. (I don't understand what you mean by "only 5 markers coming from the father alone." If only five tests were done, that is a little light for my liking. If you mean that there were other markers tested but for them there wasn't complete clarity as to which marker came from the mother and which came from the father, that's OK. It's taken into consideration when the calculations are done.) The lab also tests to something called a "power of exclusion" which is typically in the neighborhood of 99.9% too. That means that 99.9% of other men, unrelated to the tested guy, would be excluded solely by the tests that were performed. If you say that the timing of the birth was wrong compared with the time of the sexual encounter, you could challenge the test results on that basis, but be prepared to back up your claim about the timing with airtight documentation. Your word alone as to when the sexual encounter happened won't be good enough.

Answer: By the overall evidence of the remaining genetic matches. DNA has a documented rate of change, and the form of that change is also characterized and documented. (If DNA didn't change, all living things would still be just little blobs swimming in the ocean and nothing more.) The lab also should have done additional testing to look for more mismatches between the child and the alleged father; a single mismatch is not enough to declare that he's not the father, precisely because of the possibility of mutations happening. To cover all the bases, the lab also checked to see whether a close relative of the alleged father might also have been involved, because that can lead to many matches with a few mismatches. When close relatives are involved, the number of mismatches is usually more than one, however. With no mismatches and only a single mismatch, the reasonable assumption of a mutation was made and the likelihood of that mutation was factored into the calculation of the overall paternity index. Look for a paternity index (or X/Y ratio) somewhere in the neighborhood of 0.001, which will be far lower than any of the others on the report.

Answer: Anytime that you doubt the validity of a test you should retake the test--only this time use an American lab so that you can be in constant touch with the testing facility and no customes issue will crop up.

Answer: I cannot help you--the results will be sent from the lab to the court first and then the court will release the results. You just have to keep calling and checking in. No magic formula here unfortunately--you just need immense patience.

Answer: I am sorry but I don't know your results. You will have to get them from the child support office--it may take quite a bit of time so be patient.

Answer: 10 weeks.

Answer: Do the testing AFTER the child is born if you can--testing after the child is born is non invasive and painless. If the court mandates a test, contact us and we will help you arrange for testing.

Answer: She tells you she is on the pill and that she would have an abortion if she got pregnant? Paternity testing cannot determine the race of a child. If you do not submit to a test it is possible that she could take you to court and you could be compelled to take the test.

Answer: ANYTIME that a paternity is cast in doubt is a wise time to have a test.

Answer: No,not really. There might be a variance of a couple of points in the PI but he would still calculate out to be the father.

Answer: Don't take the test UNTIL you talk to an attorney first--and DON'T SIGN ANYTHING--the reason being is that paternity may already be established since the other guy signed the birth certificate--take the test ONLY under the advice of an attorney. He can also advise you on your other legal questions. Point is--depending on your state--and the attorney will know--the birth certificate may make all the difference in the world.

Answer: It is cutting it close--she conceived between the 5th and the 25th of January. I would insist upon a test to place yourself in the clear. DON'T sign anything until you have that test.

Answer: It can be either the mother or the father.

Answer: you need to do a paternity test with her--do not negotiate on this point. If he did a test without her knowlege, chances are that he used a home test kit and if he did, how does she know he is telling her the truth? Forced her to let him give away his rights--was an attorney even involved? The whole thing rings suspicious to me. Do a test--make sure that it is court admissible and make sure she is tested with you. This is not too much to ask of her in exchange for accepting a lifetime of responsibility.

Answer: Well, they are right--they won't pay for a test where paternity is already established and that is what the man did when he signed the birth certificate which is why you should NEVER sign anything until the test is done. you can get a simple and inexpensive test by going here: Get Free DNA Test Kit Here you will see a list of products. Choose product number three and download the paperwork.

Answer: Well, first--don't sign anything and if you can afford it act under the advice of an attorney. The mother's word is not enough and you're talking about 18-21 years of the life of your child. You can do a simple home test kit that is downloadable from our website. The address is Get Free Test Kit Here You will see a list of products--go to product number three--download the paperwork and you can then begin the test. There is a support number in the paperwork if you need assistance. Good luck.

Answer: Oh, good lord yes! You only need the consent of ONE parent--go have the test and consider using Fairfax Identity Laboratories.

Answer: Your January ex needs to NEVER consider a career in genetics. The DNA never changes. I don't know where he got that idea but he is absolutely wrong.

Answer: I am not sure if you are really asking questions or if you are just venting. Ok. You were dating a guy and a girl got pregnant. So you are the girlfriend and your boyfriend allegedly impregnated a girl--not you. There was a test done. NOW. I cannot tell you why one sample arrived at the lab sooner then the other sample. It could be anything from it being mailed on a friday or maybe one was shippied by us mail as opposed to one being shipped by Fed Ex. There is simply no way to tell. You said that she "faked" being in labor--does that mean she produced a fake baby? I do not think that is what you meant. These questions are not ones that I can answer for you because they make absolutely no sense. Without information you cannot expect me to tell you when she became pregnant based on when she started "showing".

Answer: That is a very good question--we have a grandparents rights board over here at divorcenet.com and I would suggest that you consider posting this question there. Unfortunately, this board only deals with paternity issues.

Answer: You can test the baby before the birth at the 10th week and typically up to roughly the 20th under the supervision of a qualifed physician. You can test the baby THE DAY it is born if you are willing to put up with dealing with hospital administrations and their typically self-protective policies (risk management isssues) but generally when the child comes home from the hospital is the best time to start considering the prospect of a test.

Answer: 1. Tape will not stick to the wet inside of a mouth. 2. Cells applied to anything that is then kept inside the mouth will be washed off rather quickly by the mouth's saliva. 3. Typically, both cheeks are swabbed. 4. Living cheek cells are not needed for a swab test.

Answer: conception would have happened between July 30 and August 15th.

Answer: absolutely.

Answer: You are a minor, I noticed. For me, the first thing that popped in my head was the statutory rape issue. There is a 50 percent chance that it is yours and you DO need to get this out of the way now. Bottom line: 1-it is not fair to the child--2-there are potential grandparents who certainly have the right to know and who can provide an invaluable line of support for the child and 3) there is the possibility that the mother will come after you and your family for child support--she may say she will not but sooner or later when she feels the burden of bringing up a child she is going to get that extra support one way or another and if you wait then you are talking about a potential accumulation of back support. DON'T sign anything like papers at the hospital. HAVE THE TEST. You both owe it to the child if not to each other. By the way, she should have the test privately because your parents could always obtain a court order and compell her to submit to the test and with your age an issue--well that could spell a problem for the mother. HAVE THE TEST.

Answer: A paternity test is a simple thing really. A paternity test in a jail is a logistical headache but it can be done. The issue is not whether the sample can be collected but whether the prison will ALLOW it to be collected. There are three ways to collect asample. 1)a phlebotomist goes into the prison and collects the samples, 2)the prison collects the samples and 3)the prsion transports the prisoner outside of the prison and is taken, usually in chains, to a collection station where the sample is taken. The problem is the prison--prison officals are concerned with security and also with the violation of the civil rights of the prisoners. You usaully have to have a court order or a signed stipulation by the prisoner. My advice to you is to contact your brother in law and see if he has a prison counselor that he deals with. If he does, then all you have to do is contact the counselor and ask him to help. He can guide you through the steps needed to get this acomplished. IF at anytime the man decides NOT to do the test--the prison will no longer cooperate--even if there is a court order.

Answer: The type produced by a woman with an O and a Man with a B will be either a B or an O. Hope this helps.

Answer: I do not know if you want to get on the tribal roll or not but there are tests out there that purport to be able to tell if you are an indian or not--the problem with this is that what you get back is a fairly broad statement and nothing that could get you inducted into the tribe. Generally, tribes are relying on standard types of paternity testing such as paternity, maternity, grand parentage, and sibling relationship studies. Using advanced technologies such as Y STR and Mitchondrial DNA sequencing a relationship can be traced back through many generations. If your daugher's father is a confirmed Cherokee then a simple paternity test will suffice. If the father is not availabe then a grandparentage study could be performed and if the father has OTHER confirmed children then a sibling relationship study would be advised.

Answer: absolutely! Paternity can be performed at the 10th week of pregnancy through CVS collection and then later through an amniotic fluid collection. Both are invasive techniques and must be supervised by a physician.

Answer: Transit times of the sample from the time of draw to the lab can vary, although 6 days sounds excessive. I am concerned about the "friend who got a copy of the test off the computer." I'm not sure I understand what you're saying here, but if you mean that somebody got access to the test results by accessing them on line, something is not right.

Answer: The main concern isn't the cousin but the biological son. With 13 loci tested, the chances are small, but not insignificant, that the son could be the true biological father. If involvement of the son was raised at the trial, it is inconceivable to me that the judge would not have ordered the son to be tested too. Check with an attorney for specifics, but this sounds on its face to be something worthy of followup.

Answer: The DNA test itself cannot harm the baby. The viability of the procedure for collection is one that must be predetermined as safe by the medical physician attending to the care of the mother. Each pregnancy is different.

Answer: You certainly can. Use one of our QuckHIT test solutions that you can download at Fairfax Identity Laboratories The test is inexpensive and convenient. Best of all there is a support number inside the kit so that if you get stuck you can just pick up the phone and someone will answer your questions. Make sure that you include the fact that you and the other party being tested are cousins.

Answer: Absolutely--the procedure is not 100 percent fool proof. I cannot tell you exactly which day that you conceived.

Answer: It is highly unlikely you are the father--you will have to do a test and use fresh samples.

Answer: You're having problems because BOTH fathers fall into the conception range. I would test whichever one is best available.

Answer: I would get your money back--an 80 percent leaves a 20 percent margin of error. Extended testing should have bee performed. Look on this thread and find one of the links to our website and have the QuckHIT home test which is only 210 dollars. IT is an extremely powerful test.

Answer: The mother and the father a adults--the grandparents have NO say in this--especially sense there are two set of grandparents, you know. Your son needs to obtain a court order for paternity testing. The maternal grandparents do not have the authority to deny him access to his child--only a court can do that.

Answer: From what you are describing, it sounds like the error,if there was one, would have occured at the collection level not at the lab.

Answer: Wait until the baby is born and retest. Fetal Cell separation is not validated in this country and cannot be used in court and is a complete waste of your time and money---as evidenced by your complaint. Who knows what the file number means--it is nonsense to me.

Answer: No, the mother's race is not figured into the calculation--only the father's race is considered.

Answer: I would file a complaint with the child support office enforcement office and name his as the father. He will then be given the opportunity to ask for a test--if he still refuses then they will court order him to comply and if he still refuses then he will be declared the father by default. I know this sounds harsh but if he is convinced that he is not the father then he should provide--it is that simple. Regarding the payment of the test cost--that will be entirely up to the child support office as how payment will be decided. Each agency has its own different policies.

Answer: This question drives me nuts because the whole swab vs blood thing came about as simply bad information spread by labs who, at the time, were unable to make the swab technology work for them. Nowadays, EVERYBODY does swabs. IT IS NO DIFFERENT THEN BLOOD so testing with blood is a complete waste of time. HOWEVER, I would retest if an AABB lab was not used (like Fairfax for example)--AABB labs are required to run exclusions at LEAST twice before releasing the results. Hope this helps.

Answer: Still a 50/50 chance until he has the test. I might want to comment that maybe you and him should consider seeing a doctor and checking to see if you can conceive or if he has a low or null sperm count. After you folks talk to the doctor--I would then insist on a paternity test to get this resolved.

Answer: This is a very interesting topic. First, based on the information that you have provided, I cannot make an estimate of the conception date without the due date of the child. I am curious as to why she has not called you back. Your husband, at this time, really does not have any rights until the child is born and THEN the first order of business is to have the paternity test which we would be happy to provide. DO NOT sign anything until you have that test--this is one right that he does have and MUST excercise. Regarding Diabetes, I hope that you have a diabetic team consisting of your Doctor, a nurse (the doctor's), a podiatrist for your feet, a heart specialist, and a dietitican/diabetic educator. Stress does raise sugar levels severely in diabetics so you have to step up your excercise program(UNDER YOUR DOCTOR'S ADVISEMENT) and review your current diet with your educator. If you are not walking regulary you may want to start doing that again (again check with your doctor first). By the way, I am NOT a medical doctor but am VERY close to this subject as this disease does run in my family so I deal with it every day. Talk to your doctor about stress management courses and maybe talking to a counselor. You're having to deal with the issue of your husband's adultery and with your health burden. Please talk to your doctor and feel free to show him my note to you. Good luck.

Answer: Absolutely!

Answer: 1. How many loci--I am not being flippant here but really you only need enough loci to EITHER get you two exclusions or a 99.9 percent or better if he is the father. Labs who boast about how many loci they use are using a common sales tool: overkill is better--the idea is capitalize on your fear that not enough testing was performed. Fairfax Identity Laboratories prefers NOT to feed off of a client's fears. 2. I cannot speak for other labs but the most accepted certification is that of the AABB (American Association of Bloodbanks). Why have this certification--well think about walking into a restruant with your family and you sit down to a nice meal--you look up and there is that big "C" rating in front of you--no you KNOW that the rating should be A so you also Know that you are NOT going to eat there. Well that is what the AABB is--a big restruant sticker--having the AABB certification says that the lab CARES enought to maintain the highest quality controls available and that they make their laboratories open to onsite inspections by the AABB. I have seen labs on the internet who do not carry that certification and they will claim that it is not needed--they are wrong--aak the State Department, Immigration and Naturalization and the US court system and they will all disagree. It is important. Here are our certifications. We are certified by the AABB, By CLIA (lab certification-federal), the City and State of New York, and are certified as a CODIS laboratory criminal DNA Databasing. With these certifications, you can be assured that Fairfax Identity Laboratories is accepted on all levels from Local to state to federal in ALL of the United States and abroad.

Answer: It could be either--they BOTH fall into the conception period. Unfortunately, I cannot pinpoint precisely the days that you had sex and that the baby would have been conceived. You can get an inexpensive paternity test after the baby is born--check out the link two quesitons up.

Answer: unfortunately, I do not know of anyone who will give away a free test--you should look at the previous question where we have a link provided to access the paternity solutions at our website. A few are inexpensive and thus affordable.

Answer: He needs to pay for the paternity test. Do NOT look for TennCare to cover it. It is not a medically necessary test. You should consider one of our QuickHIT home paternity solutions that you can download at Go to Paternity Solutions The cost is affordable at only 210 dollars.

Answer: I am assuming that you were still having sex at that time with your husband when I post his answer. Because the time that you were with the man falls into the period when conception could have happened, the chances of THAT man being the father is 50 percent. You do prenatal testing under the supervision of your physician between the 10 and the 20th week of pregnancy. CVS is performed between the 10th and the 13th week and amnio fluid collection is performed fromt he 14th to the 20th week.

Answer: I doubt you will be able to collect the money--you will need an attorney to process the case. Fraud is hard to determine so again ask your attorney.

Answer: Your problem is the proof. He claimed that you were his children but he did not sign the birth certificate--the first thing that I would do is to contact the bureau of vital statistics in Richmond who are the keepers of the birth record and see if there is anything that you can do. I suspect that they are going to need more tangible proof then what you currently have and so a dna test may be your only way of proving your point. If a deceased sample is inovolved then you definitely want to consider using our services. Once you have proven your paternity then your will have to go to court to have the doucment altered.

Answer: It is actually possible but you are going to have to be insistent that they submit to a test. It is only fair, after all. Let me say this--it is unlikely that the others will also be found to be the father but it has happened albeit on a rare occasion. Try to get them to cooperate and if not then you will need to engage an attorney and tell him your story. If he cannot help you get a second opinion.

Answer: I think that cord blood collect is an invasion to what is supposed to be an intimate moment. It is expensive--you have to involve doctors and hospital administration not to mention their risk management team. Can the father request it without your consent--NO. He wouldn't be able to get a court order at this time either. If you want to know about the paternity of the child--wait until you get home, download one of our QuickHIT home test and only pay 210 dollars when you send in the samples--you will get your results back in 5-7 business days. It is private and is every bit as accurate as our 480 dollar court admissible version.

Answer: Not having the mother tested may lead to a false INCLUSION on VERY rare occasions, but a man's biological child will share markers with him whether the mother is tested or not. Exclusionary results will not change to inclusions if the mother is tested. Also, the race of the tested man is irrelevant when the test excludes him. The race of the child is never used in any event.

Answer: You should probably check with the Texas Attorney General's office regarding this issue. An attorney cannot terminate a man's parental rights--only a court of law can do that and that means a judge. Termination can happen in the case of an adoption or if the court deems a parent to be unfit. Generally, proof of paternity is required before such a step is taken.

Answer: For the legal aspects of your question go to google and do a search for OCSE State Profiles. When you get there, you will see a map, click on it and then click on paternityh. You should find this most helpful. Child Support is usually court ordered through a child suport collection agency. A Judge can order a paternity test and YES a judge can deny the request for the test. If his name is on the birth certificate most labs will do the test for him. I hope this helps.

Answer: Eye color is due to multiple genes. In the simplest case, brown is dominant over blue, but the exact color can depend on the mixture of several characteristics. Intelligent people who are aware of these facts would never use eye color alone as any kind of indicator of parentage

Answer: ABO mutation isn't widely published on. You could start with a good current textbook on human genetics, with special attention to the chapters on blood groupings. You could also search the web on "ABO blood types."

Answer: First, what a hurtful thing for someone to tell you daugher. Since she is an adult, it escapes me as to what purpose this would serve except to drive a wedge between you and her. The blood typing is a waste of time. The woman could go to any place with a blood type on the web and choose the one that she knows matches. A sibling study between her and one of the daughters is more appropriate. If you want, I would be more then happy to speak to your daughter. Have her contact me through this forum and I will arrange to speak with her.

Answer: The test is not valid in the United States. It is a waste of money if you plan on using this for court. Secondly, if you have more then one child then the test may not be accurate. In fairness to the ocmpany they do try to point this out to their clients but many people take this test because it is non-invasive. As far as I know the company does not try to mislead its clients. The company sells the product through an affiliate in the United States but the testing is performed in Canada. Fetal cell testing is the Holy Grail of paternity testing--the quest is still on --we are not quite there yet.

Answer: This is only an observation mind you but it sounds like he does NOT want to be the father and he is trying to scare you. Let him demand all he wants. Also do NOT let him pressure you into taking a prenatal paternity test. Let him take one after the baby is born. Right now you are letting him control you. If you need help after the child is born consider filing for child support with your local child support agency and let them deal with him and then consult an attorney on what he can and cannot do.

Answer: You never told me the outcome of the test but by your question I am assuming that he tested positive. It is unlikely the brother needs to be tested but many people cling to the notion that the presence of a brother will automatically overturn a result. It oculd happen but it is very unlikely. I would say do the test but only for your own peace of mind. Don't look for the answer you seek though--it is MOST LIKELY that the testing of the brother will serve to confirm your husband's test.

Answer: You are not being specific. Blood can be either DNA or HLA--swabs are dna only. DNA is more CONCLUSIVE then HLA. Both,however,can yield results in the 99 percentile.

Answer: Generally, a paternity test only takes 5-7 days to process.

Answer: PIs are much lower than that. For those particular systems in your case, you should see matches between the child and him. That wouldn't be true if there were mutations. The reason the numbers are less than one is because the characteristics that he and the child share are pretty common in the population as a whole.

Answer: Actually, a January 10th date would put the conception somewhere within the first two weeks of April.

Answer: Yes, she can--testing can be done as early as the 10th week.

Answer: I suppose you could--we would not do it but there are plenty of people out there who are more then willing to put money over ethics. An AABB laboratory should never do this...period.

Answer: Your problem is that pesky word "supposedly"--You see on my first calculation one could be the father and on the second one which was your three week early supposition the second many seems to be the likely candidate. You are still running at a 50 percent chance for either--you are very wise to seek dna testing. Because you are all adults you do not need to involve lawyers or the court system. If you all are voluntary consider using one of our QuickHIT home paternity tests which is a free download at our website and you pay when you send in the sample--the cost for one you and one father would be 210 dollars while the second father would bring the total to 280--dit is a very powerful but inexpensive test. You can get the test kit by going to divorcenet's own Paternitynet.com. Inside the test kit is my number which you cna use if you need help while doing the collection. Hope this helps.

Answer: A child's characteristics are determined by the genes of the biological father together with those of the mother. The genetic makeup of a child is set when the sperm fertilizes the egg. Sleeping with a second man after the woman has already gotten pregnant by another man won't in any way lead to the child acquiring the second man's characteristics. Now, if your BROTHER sleeps with a woman, she gets pregnant by him, and then you sleep with her, then the child might look a bit like you because you and your brother (presumably) resemble each other. But if the two men aren't related? No.

Answer: I cannot discuss the drawback of the birth certificates because I am not an attorney. Regarding the military, WHO in the military told him this. Does he have name? IS there a medical record? Unless he can prove otherwise he will be responsible for child support if you name him as the father. IT is likely that a paternity test may be warranted.

Answer: Generally, a man can have a test with a lab without the mother if his name is on the child's birth certificate or he has signed some sort of indemnity agreement with the laboratory.

Answer: He has to match on ALL the systems to be the father. He can match on a few but if there are two or more that he does NOT match on then he is NOT the father. I don't think cigarettes will adversely effect the outcome of the test nor the bottle...If the samples were effected the lab most likely would have asked for a recollection. If the lab is aabb certified then they would rerun the father's sample before releasing the report just to verify the exclusions. HOWEVER, I always say that if you do not like the outcome of a test it is always a good idea to do a second confirmatory test.

Answer: I would not even pretend to be able to second guess a judge. It will depend on how you present your case and how your state laws approach this subject.

Answer: The blod type can be A, B, AB, or O The Rh type can be either Rh- or Rh+ So a B+ is certainly possible. I will suggest to you that you and your husband obtain one of our QuickHit Paternity test--it is inexpensive and quick and you can download the paper for the test at the following link: QuickHit Paternity Testing Kit I hope this helps.

Answer: A lot of companies sell you on the hype that the more loci that you purchase the better the test. To you I say "Caveat Emptor". The AABB requires testing that is 99 percent or better and if he is NOT the father then he must be excluded on at least two systems. Furthermore, in the event that the man is excluded then the lab must run the father's sample at least ONE more time BEFORE releasing the results. It is not how many loci you test it is whether the lab takes the time to excercise a stringent quality control.

Answer: He cannot order you but it is possible that he could obtain an order for paternity testing and you would have to comply with the wishes of the court.

Answer: You have to give an A or a B, and any child of yours would have to express one of these markers, unless some sort of mutation occurred. A DNA best would be a better indicator of paternity.

Answer: First, we do not advise on law issue--you need an arizona attorney. You do a paternity test to determine if you are the father of a child--I am assuming that the child is already born since you do not indicate that in your question but just in case the child has not been born you can do the test through either CVS or Amniotic fluid collection. Your will need the mother's physician to collect the sample or someone that he refers.

Answer: If you do a search on Google you can find what are called child support calculators. They calculate the amount of support that you will have to pay in a particular state. I did a search and came up with several. Good luck.

Answer: A, B, AB or O are the possible types that can be produced. The Rh can be positive or negative so the answer to your question is yes.

Answer: This woman sounds like she is in complete control of the situation. I would get an attorney. Take the paternity test AFTER the child is born. The court won't recognize and invasive procedure anyway. Get the attorney right now because of the financial responsibility issue because I think her husband may be responsible. It is possible that her marriage is on the line and if she gets the results before the baby is born then it is conceivable that the two could divorce and then the child would be born outside the marriage which could end up making you financially liable. Talk to your attorney but I would definitely wait to get the test. By the way, if she lied about the abortion how do you know she is not lying about the birth certificate? For that reason alone you need to have sensible counseling from a family law attorney. One other thing, if this child is your husband's then find out from the attorney what your rights are.

Answer: on't ask me to guess which is the father because I will not--it is an excercise that is cavalier at best. The child would have been conceived somewhere between July 8th and July 23rd. SORRY FOR THE OCNFUSION.

Answer: Don't ask me to guess which is the father because I will not--it is an excercise that is cavalier at best. The child would have been conceived somewhere between November 7th and November 21st.

Answer: Actually the simplest and least expensive way to test your loved ones in Iraq is for them to go to the internet and download one of our free dna test kits call QuickHit. They collect the samples and just mail it in. You can get the test kit to look at yourself at QuickHit Patenity Solutions You can call 800-482-3025 if you have any questions. The toothbrush would be very expensive to do--the total cost of the quckhit test will be around 490 since you wish to have a prenatal test.

Answer: If he never knew he had children then why did he take a paternity test and have you seen the results of this test? IF he was NOT EXCLUDED then that means that he IS the father. This is one of the most common mistake made when reading a report summary. Also, if he ignored them then they can declare him father by default without so MY advice to you is to get him to an attorney quick and sort this out. The birth certificate does not dictate who pays child support--only a court does that. Regarding the letters he did not receive--it is his word against theirs.

Answer: The boyfriend needs to be tested and then will need to waive his paternity so that that he can waive his rights and the husband can adopt--otherwise, the ex boyfriend can continue to insert himself into your life at anytime. You will need to do this through an attorney.

Answer: The mother seems to have gotten her cake and gets to eat it too--at the child's emotional expense. If you haven't done this already, I would seek a opinions from more then one attorney--this sounds extremely screwy. I cannot advise you on legal issues. Good luck though.

Answer: Probably the faher incorrectly marked the form when he was asked for his race. Don't need to re-do the test--just have the lab recalculate the test using the correct setup for the race. Italian IS considered Caucasian (right)--you don't indicate what you mean by indian but if you are referring to native american then they can recalculate a seoond report to reflect that ethnic background--should be no problem.

Answer: I think you're asking about the Rh blood group. Since Rh+ is dominant over Rh-, two people who test as Rh- may in fact carry the Rh- gene and product an Rh- child (the child would inherit the Rh- gene from each parent). The "vaccine" you refer to is only given when the mother is Rh- and is or may be carrying an Rh+ child. Rh- is exactly what the term implies: ABSENCE of the Rh factor, and it's the factor's PRESENCE that causes potential problems with the subsequent children. If the child is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, her body makes antibodies to the Rh+ material. Those antibodies persist in mom's immune system and will attack the blood cells of any subsequent Rh+ child that she may conceive. In your case, there will be no problem of this sort, no matter what the Rh type of your children.

Answer: If he is refusing to sign the birth certificate then how does he expect to have custody of the child--by not signing he is, in a nutshell, leaving the paternity issue in doubt and the courts are smart enough to see this. You could have named the child after Bill Clinton but that would not give Mr. Clinton any custodial rights nor even come close to implying that he is the father. If he gets a court order for paternity testing then you will have to comply to wishes of the court or face contempt. In order for the court to take your child away they would have to have proofe that you are an extremely unfit mother.

Answer: First things first. You are seventeen, you are a minor--so is your boyfriend so BOTH of you have to abide by what your parents decide. It is up to the parents to decide between themselves who will pay for the test. Yes, you can do a test while you are pregnant--I suggest that you search this board--this subject has been covered in great detail.

Answer: I will say yes it is since you have failed to provide the mother and the father's type.

Answer: It would not be illegal but it also would not be terribly bright nowadays since there ARE NO paternity labs currently in operation in Greensboro, NC. If you had a test over seven years ago, then you would have used the now defunct GDI which was reputed to be one of the best labs in the country despite the fact that it was not in California. I can assure you that California did not and DOES NOT have any lab that could come even close to recreating the quality and professionalism of that lab. It was the lab that others modeled themselves upon. How do you tell if a report is fake--you need to track down the lab and show them the report. Other ways would be to look at the report itself--most people who fake reports work from the original report which is what they want to hide. Almost always, they will leave remnants of the original report intact and that is a dead give away. I will not go into detail here because I do not want this to become a forum on creating dummy reports.

Answer: This is not a question that you should ask a laboratory because we would not tell you how to interfere in the outcome of a test. No ethical laboratory would.

Answer: First, let me address statuary rape--you and he consented to have sex but you BOTH are minors--consent belongs to your guardian which I assume is your parents. We do not offer legal advise on this board. Regarding a paternity test, check all through this board but you can do a test while pregnant--usually at 10 weeks-- but, again, you will need YOUR parents consent and the consent of a doctor to perform the procedure. If you feel that abortion may be an issue--again, you need the consent of your parents or guardian. Hope this helps.

Answer: Military lawyers will not go out of there way to help your son except to advise him to "get it taken care of as soon as possible".If your son is still in the military he should inquire with the Judge Advocate's office about filing for a continuance under the Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief. A judge will have to approve it but basically it should give him 90 days to get things in order. If that happends, then he will need to obtain a civillian order. As far as the support papers go, he should check those papers to see if he has the right to request a paternity test--be careful about signing until you have read everything completely--again consult a civillian attorney at the quickest possible moment.

Answer: No, you will find that it is extremely difficult to get an order for a prenatal test because it is an invasive procedure. Lastly, don't expect the state of Georgia to help you with this financially.

Answer: You should probably ask her about what the 7 weeks mean. I am not clear on what she is saying. If you are 9 months pregnant then you are 36 weeks along in your pregnancy. Conception based on the due date you gave would be somewhere between February 4th and February 17th.

Answer: You will have to wait until the child has been born.

Answer: Yes, but it is unlikely it would happen at the lab level--if something happened it would have most likely happened at the collecion point.

Answer: Actually it is possbile but expensive--look to spend around a thousand dollars or better. You can contact us here at Fairfax if you want to proceed but let me caution you that there is the possibility that dna will not be able to be extracted from those objects so think long and hard before submitting those samples.

Answer: The conception should have been between March 31st and April 15th. Hope this helps.

Answer: Pardon my bluntness but her boyfriend probably does not possess the brightest light bulb in the factory but it is not illegal. He can sign if he wants. The government loves people who step up to the plate and are willing to sign their lives away. This is no longer the age of "do the right thing and make her a proper woman (as in the Rifleman or Bonanza--it is more an age of cause and effect. I applaud his noble gesture but I think you need to point out to him that there are consquences such as child support issues and that it would be BETTER to have a paternity test BEFORE signing the paperwork. If the new boyfriend and the mother do not work out then things will get very complicated.

Answer: if she said that her husband is the father and INS accepted it without a test which is a rarity these days(INS is now requiring more and more dna testing) then she may have committed a fraudulent act especially if she KNEW you were the father. I cannot advise, as I have said many times on this board, you on legal matters. I suggest you seek the help of a family law attorney who also specializes in immigrations issues and see where you stand.

Answer: I have no idea. Your information is sketchy at best. If he had a court admissible test (his name would have had to have been on the birth certificate and you would have had to have given your permission) and a chain of custody would have been performed then MAYBE. If a home test was performed then NO. Regarding the first part of my answer: paternity laboratories CANNOT promise or guarantee court admissibility--BEWARE OF SUCH CLAIMS--ONLY A JUDGE can determine if a report will be allowed into court as evidence. You should do a google search for OCSE state profiles and check and see what are the parameters for presumed parentage are in your state. It could be that if the child has been born into the marriage then your husband could be the LEGAL father. Once last thing: I am curious as to how the alleged biological father gained access to the child in the first place in order to do the test.

Answer: There is not any help that I can give you based on the conception information that you have provided except to say that if December 23rd is truly her LMP then you could very well be the father based on the dates that you have given me provided that she slept with no one else during that period. Your cause for suspicion leaves me curious as to whether you think there was another person. I hope this helps.

Answer: First, you should take the pregnancy test before worrying about the consequesces. You can have a prenatal test done at 10 weeks. You can find plenty of information on the subject by searching the threads in this forum. By the way we have a Fairfax Affiliate in BC.

Answer: IMPORTANT! UPDATE TO PREVIOUS QUESTION--PLEASE USE THE LINK BELOW TO OBTAIN THE SIBLING TEST. THANKS. determining sibling relationships with blood types is almost impossible to do. Your best solution would be to use of our QuickHit Sibling Edition tests which you can download at QuickHit Sibling Edition

Answer: determining sibling relationships with blood types is almost impossible to do. Your best solution would be to use of our QuickHit Sibling Edition tests which you can download at QuickHit Sibling Edition

Answer: None that I know of.

Answer: it is going to depend on what state that you are in. Search this forum for links that I have posted to OCSE State Profiles. It will take you to a government site that list rules for each of the states regarding OCSE issues. It will help you.

Answer: It is likely that conception happened between March 8th and March 22nd.

Answer: The conception would have happened between February 8th through February 20th

Answer: Either the father OR the mother can determine the type of the child--the ABO system is a very weak system for determining paternity. You might want to consider using one of our inexpensive home kits which you may obtain at Fairfax Identity Laboratories

Answer: While there may be some genetic similarities between cousins, on the average about 7/8 of their genetic makeup is different. If two men named in a paternity action were cousins, standard paternity testing should be more than sufficient to distinguish between them.

Answer: Absolutely--you can use BOTH grandparents or you can use a combination of sibling and a grandparent or better still you can test any other children that he may have had to do a half sibling relationship.

Answer: B or O but since you only gave me one Rh, I will say positive or negaive is possible.

Answer: Not a whole lot. I would talk to her first since you are getting this information second hand and you two need to decide if a paternity test is in order.

Answer: I do not have enough information here to answer your question. Please supply us with a rewritten question and provide me with the due date.

Answer: We are not lawyers here--you should direct this question to a qualified family law attorney. You should definitely move forward with establishing paternity--having no doubt is good but it is always better to have no doubt on paper. You can get a selection of test kits at Fairfax Identity Laboratories

Answer: Honestly, facial features are not a good way to determine paternity. I noticed that you have quite an extensive list. You could speculate but you will never really know. You may want to consider using one of our downloadable home kits. They are only 210 dollars. You can get one at fairfaxidlab.com or paternitynet.com. The download is free. You pay for the test when the samples arrive.

Answer: If a court orders a test then you cannot refuse. If there is no court order then you both must agree to do the test since his name is NOT on the certificate.

Answer: Regarding the birth certificate issue--for those questions you should look through this forum of posted links to OCSE profiles where you can read about your state laws. Depending on the state, if you do a paternity test then you should take the results to an attorney if it shows that you are NOT the father. In some states you may be right but in others--no it will not relieve you from paying child support.

Answer: I would hazard a guess that you may be in the State of Florida. They have contracted a primary and a Secondary lab--the purpose is to make sure that exclusions are confirmed. Ironically, the American Association of Blood Banks REQUIRES that exclusions be rerun before releasing the result to insure quality control. For those of you who buy a private test, this is not a stand out service that they are offering you--the labs who are certified do not really have a choice. It is required to insure quality control. As to your last questions--Of course they don't want to expend taxpayer money on welfare programs--that is money that could be appled to other areas such as education. That is the reason that states go after unpaying confirmed fathers. Now, if you are in Florida--here is the kick: If THEY run the second test it is because the mother is contesting the first test so in the end if you ARE excluded on the second test then it likely that they will leave you alone and move on to find the next possible father. Good luck with your test.

Answer: It will depend on how texas is handling the case. Texas may opt to move forward without involving Colorado in which case Texas law would apply. If Colorado is brought in to assist then Colorado law would apply as it will be heard in their courts. Regarding who pays--there is no hard rule of thumb NOT even in the state of Texas--the individual judge in each court will decide who will pay for the test.

Answer: First, you can not use another adults samples without his consent. As for the conception: December 1st through December 17th.

Answer: I have no idea what the accuracy of a dna test has to do with a person's last name but a motherless test is just as accurate as one WITH the mother.

Answer: no-- there is only a only a 0.02 percent chance that he is not the father.

Answer: CVS is performed by removing a small sample of the placenta (nourishment for the baby) from the uterus. It is removed with either a catheter (a thin tube) or a needle. Local anesthesia is used for this test. The sample of placenta may be obtained through the cervix. A catheter is inserted into the vagina and through the cervix and the sample is withdrawn. The sample also can be obtained by inserting a needle into the abdomen and withdrawing some of the placenta. Most women feel fine after the test, although some may have mild bleeding (spotting) afterward. CVS is usually done between the 10th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. Consult with your doctor to properly ascertain any potential risks.

Answer: just go to our website, fairfaxidlab.com, and download one of our test kits--they only cost 210 dollars and you send the money in when you send in the samples.

Answer: August 31st though September 15th for both.

Answer: August 8th through 27th.

Answer: If you want to find out if your husband is the faher then I suggest that you download one of our testkits. Sonograms are approximations and are not written in stone. Your erratic periods certainly do not reinforce the matter and are a strong arguement for following through with a test.

Answer: There is nothing in this email that I can use--regarding the birth certificate, go to google and put in OCSE State Profiles. You can also find links for this site throughout this forum. It will give you the laws for your state regarding paternity.

Answer: yes, it is--if you read the thread of this forum you can get a lot of information. You can also get information at fairfaxidlab.com.

Answer: May 31 through June 15th.

Answer: Sounds like someone is trying to make a quick sale to you for a paternity test. In fact, when you do a prenatal test the mother's samples MUST be part of the colletion process. If the baby has been born then a motherless test is ok since the lab will run additional test to account for the lack of the mother. STILL, it is helpful to the lab to always have the mother for reference.

Answer: Some of your questions will not be answered as they should be addressed by an attorney. NEVER sign a birth certificate if you are uncertain as to the parentage. Insist on the paternity test--the birth certificate could lock you into paying child support for many years to come. Look out for people in the hospital who try to take advantage of the emotional moment of child support. Generally they can be part of the state's paternity aknowlegement program--most hospitals now have such a coordinator in hospitals so beware.

Answer: It is always possible but not very likely. You can download one of our test kits at fairfaxidlab.com and you can look over the collection instructions yourself. We do not answer legal questions here.

Answer: which court? Which county? Which state? You question is 50 states too vague. Get on Google and search OCSE State Profiles. You can find the requirements for your particular state there.

Answer: Many of the older tests involving HLA and red cell antigens were subject to the confusion of cross reactive markers as well as a number of quality control problems that needed close monitoring. That's why DNA testing is much better; the markers are much more clear cut. HLA typings don't change in a person, but can be mis-called when the results aren't completely clear.

Answer: It can be done in principle, but it's a whole lot more difficult. While the available grandparent should match on half of the tests performed, s/he won't match on the other half, and the combined relationship value is cut in half for each time the tested grandparent doesn't match. If the lab runs, say, 10 marker, the tested grandparent will theoretically match on five and not match ont the other five. The unavailable grandparent would have matched on these five, but s/he's not there to be tested. Consequently, the combined index will be halved five times. Overall, that means dividing the index by 2^5 or 32. An index of 1000 drops to about 30, which is too low to be admissible in any court system.

Answer: At this time your best bet would be to just do a home test kit. Fairfax has a very inexpensive and reliable one at our website. I say this because you are already paying child support and it is unlikely that your will be able to overturn the judgement. You should check with an attorney.

Answer: the child would have been conceived between January 3rd through January 18th. You need to rethink your dates.

Answer: A mutation, generally described, is any change in the genetic material. The vast majority of them (VAST majority) are harmless. The one you refer to is probably especially harmless because the tests that are used for paternity establishment look at regions of the DNA that don't have any medical importance. They are "silent" with regard to any sort of function, which is part of the reason they're used. Whether you want to call them common or not depends on your definition of "common." Most paternity reports are mutation free, but any lab that does a fair number of paternity tests will be no stranger to mutations. They're not anything to be surprised or concerned about, either for the lab or for the people who are tested. They typically manifest themselves as numbers that are, as in your case, one off between the parent and the child.

Answer: It depends on the kind of test that was performed. An STR test should allow comparison between two people who have been tested by that method, although doing that test that way would be unusual. Also, very few labs were doing that kind of test in 1995. Most labs would prefer to run at the same time all of the people in question. In fact, in the absence of unusual circumstances, labs usually won't agree to provide a report of comparisons done in the way you have described. Testing everybody together will allow direct comparison between their genetic characteristics to be made clearly and with a lot less room for questions. I would suggest that he request new tests.

Answer: Yes, 10 weeks, CVS sample collection.

Answer: If you did not get them from a doctor yourself, then I would not beleive your 18 year old sex partner. He is, after all, having sex with a minor which, in most states. is illegal. Never take drugs that someone just hands you--the best that you can do now is to just monitor your menstual period and if you think you are pregnant then have go to the drug store and get a home paternity test or better yet--see an ob/gyn or a Physican's Assistant who specializes in women's issues. Good luck.

Answer: conception would have happened between Novemember 25th and December 10th.

Answer: Huh? Oh, I get it...I think....the man you believe to be the daddy was excluded. NO--it will NOT effect the test result--you need to have the other guy tested before you start questioning the first results. You have to exclude the second guy--there is a 50 percent chance that he could be the father.

Answer: Conception would have happened between May 23rd and June 7th. I cannot guess on the .2 percent.

Answer: conception would have happened between Novemember 10th and November 25th.

Answer: You would be foolish to think that either of you would be exempt from being a father because one of you "checked for holes" in the ocndom. Each of you have a 50 percent chance of being the father. As for the issue of whether you HAVE to have a test--well that is up to the mother. If she decides to take you to court and the court orders you to take a test you must comply. Likewise, if the other guy goes and asks for a test and names you in the complaint then both of you guys and the mother may have to comply.

Answer: conception would have happened betweeen March 1st and March 15th.

Answer: You can't. You could try taking it up with the court but don't look for anything to happen.

Answer: I should not have to say this but do the math--a 32 percent margin of error and NO state in the country would seriously accept this result.

Answer: It is possible actually--there is a 50/50 chance.

Answer: This is just a reminder that Fairfax Identity Laboratories only answers questions regarding paternity testing. DO NOT ask questions that you should be taking to an attorney. Emails of this nature will be deleted with response.

Answer: It seems to me that your dilemma is whether to believe your husband or to believe the science. I would bank on the mother's claim that your husband is the father. We say the lab should know if there are first cousions (NOTICED I SAID FIRST COUSINS AND NOT JUST COUSINS) involved and if the lab knows then it can account for it in the testing--generally it DOES NOT effect the outcome.. the ONLY way you are going to resolve this issue is to insist that the cousin be tested.

Answer: It sounds like you are seeking verification that he is not the father. You do no give me much to go with here. You are describing a scenario where the father has been excluded or find NOT to be the father. You do not indicate whether or not the test was obtained by court orer or whether it was a home kit. Lastly, a test excluding you is not a get of jail free card--please understand that a paternity test is only a PIECE of what the judge looks at to determine whether or not a case should be closed. Based on what you are NOT telling me I would hazard a guess that the judge must have his reasons.

Answer: There is not enought information provided here to give you any type of projection.

Answer: Go to fairfaxcryobank.com and you can do the calculations on a calcuator yourself and project the possible combinations.

Answer: conception occurred between June 22nd to July 6th

Answer: Most labs store remaining samples. I can't speak for Non-AABB labs but the AABB requires that copies of the reports be placed on file to become part of the quality control protocols. No mistakes if you use Fairfax--I cannot speak for other labs. If you have two different results from two different testings then you need to determine paternity by performing a third test with a different lab--do not use the same lab. If the man has been included in the test then a caluation for the combined paternity index is performed taking into account the FATHER's race.

Answer: It is possible.

Answer: If you are thinking that you are pregnant then do a home pregnancy test.

Answer: First, you can't force her to have the test until after the child is born and that would be through a court order. There is no such thing as a low cost prenatal test and the procedure has to be performed under the care of a medical physician.

Answer: I am guessing by the things that you say in your message that you are not an American. Here in the States, the lab is obligated to provide a copy of a report to each Teated non-minor. If I were you, I would contact your own solicitor and make sure you are being told the truth.

Answer: you need to consult with an attorney.

Answer: CVS and Amniotic testing are fetal collections performed at various points of the pregnancy. If the mother objects to having the test done at 10 weeks then the father should sit and wait for the baby to be born and then petition the ocurt for the test. You cannot court order an invasive procedure.

Answer: I doubt if you notified the talk show that they would have known what to do with the information. Not sharing this information was probably not the brightest idea--apparently at least three people know about it HOWEVER it is likely that the test did pick the correct father but it would have been nice to have had the husband tested as well--I am sure that the talk show would have jumped at that scenario. If you feel that the husband should have gotten test then have a paternity test performed.

Answer: no

Answer: conception would have occurred between August 16th through August 30th

Answer: no

Answer: Using uncles to prove paternity is not the best way but it is do-able. The mother, the child, and the two uncles would need to be tested. You would be better off if you have the two paternal grandparents or at least one other child sired by the deceased.

Answer: Home tests are just that--curiosity test and will not hold in a court of law. You saw him do the test--did you see him package the samples? Did you see him mail the samples? Was there ANY time he was alone with the samples? If you do not like the results then you should have a court admissible test to confirm the results of the first test.

Answer: You're going to have to wait until the baby is born. You waited too long to have a prenatal test.

Answer: I am not going to decide for you which one that it might be. Conception could have occurred between October 31st and November 18th.

Answer: Anytime that you have intercourse, protection or not, there is always a chance of pregnancy. There is NO 100 percent protection except for abstinance. I have no opinion on whose it could be since due datee are generally estimates. You should do a paternity test.

Answer: Hard to tell. YOu had interncourse with two diferent ment on two consecutive days. I would do a paternity test.

Answer: Very close--there is a 50/50 chance.

Answer: "Inclusion" means that the questioned parent matches with the child where s/he needs to match. That isn't going to change under any circumstances. Matches are matches and are identified before any calculation is done that requires the racial information. The facile answer to the wrong race thing is to say that some of the paternity indices may be too high, but others may be too low, with the overall result not changing much because the "too highs" and the "too lows" tend to counteract each other. I have never had the time to actually try a calculation to see how much truth is actually in that idea, though. However, you talk in terms of the probability. If the index you give (5471) were two fold too high (which is probably an extreme if the race were wrong; it's not likely to be off nearly that much), that is, if, with the correct race the index came out to be 2736, the probability of paternity would still be 99.96% instead of the 99.98% you actually had on your report. If the 5471 were FOUR fold too high, i.e., 1368 instead of 5471, the probability would still be 99.93%.

Answer: No--either the mother or the father but not exclusively the father.

Answer: This has been posted over and over again on this board. Yes, CVS and Amniotic collection--between 10 and 20 weeks and yes, they are very accurate.

Answer: Yes, you can do a sibling test which we offer at our website, fairfaxidlab.com. The test is relatively inexpensive and is vry accurate.

Answer: You never really asked a question her so I am going to tell you to move forward and do a paternity test before you sign anything that would cause a long term committment.

Answer: Most labs allow the collection of home kits in this manner but will not do a court admissible version without some sort of consent.

Answer: Unless you have a power of attorney you cannot use his samples without his consent.

Answer: As soon as the baby is born you can move forward with the test.

Answer: when you have sex without a condom you are taking the chance that you will get pregnant. There is no grace period for having sex without a condom.

Answer: Conception would have occured between December 30th and January 14th. There is a variance regarding your LMP however so I calculated based on your due date and then again on you LMP. Conception dates are estimations at best and should NOT be used as an inexpensive paternity test. I would have a paternity test with the seocnd one first ("this boy") and then take it from there.

Answer: yes

Answer: A genetic locus (plural is loci) is simply a section of the genetic material or a place on the DNA where information is coded. Paternity tests look at a number of such loci whose sequence varies from person to person. If you are excluded at seven loci, you are not the child's parent. The question about percentage doesn't make sense as an exclusions do not list percentages because there isn't one--if you have to have a number--it is ZERO percent.

Answer: The locus numbers are perhaps best understood as genetic addresses. Related people are likely to have similar characteristics at a number of those addresses, but sometimes you can have similarities with somebody who's not related to you, just by chance. The test results that the lab obtains weigh the likelihood of sharing the characters by chance ("the random person off the street" situation) against the likelihood of sharing them if you're related and from that result calculates a probability that you and the other tested person are really biological relatives.

Answer: If he was not the father, the report would NOT say 99 percent--99 percent is usually an indicator that he is the father. Reread the report and submit the summary to me and I will tell you what it means--usually people will take a phrase like "not excluded" to mean he is not the father but it is the exact opposite.

Answer: There is a 50/50 chance that this is your child. You have to understand that as the pregancy progresses that the doctor will adjust some of the dates that he may have originally given the mother and you. Look for the conception to probably have occured between August 1st and August 17h. I hope this helps.

Answer: Well you have to understand that the calculation and the any comments that you get from the doctor that these are all estimates. With the conception figure a week before and week after with the date as the mid point. If you think he really is the father, then indulge him and do one of our home kits. They are inexpensive and you just download them off of our site. You pay WHEN you send in the samples--not before.

Answer: Yes, we have answered this question many times--if you search this forum you can find a lot on the subject.

Answer: They degrade long before 6 months. HLA has to be in the lab to be tested within 24-72 hours--it is a MAJOR drawback of using hla for paternity testing--in order to test with HLA the cells must be alive. YOu cannot use three year old HLA samples. Instead, you take the results on the paper and compare the numbers instead of working with dead samples.

Answer: There is no difference.

Answer: I would make sure that the lab is certified by the American Association of Bloodbanks. I know that sounds strange but Canadian and UK labs carry this certification if they are reputable. Since you are dealing with two different countries there has to be a common bond when it comes to quality control of the sample. Don't accept any other type of lab and if he takes the time and looks hard enough he can find one.

Answer: NO--not by your blood types--you don't have enough genetic information to determine--you need to do a sibling relationship test. We sell a kit that you can download at fairfaxidlab.com. the cost is 400 dollars.

Answer: If you decide that you should get a lawyer you will need one who specializes in social security issues--not paternity. Aunt to niece or nephew tests may not provide you with the answers that social security needs render a decision. You could go with mother, child and aunt but that would still be iffy--even better would be mother, child and at least one other child that he might have sired to do a sibling test. Both of the father's parents would be really good if they are available. Hope this helps.

Answer: It can be EITHER the father OR the mother.

Answer: You took a home test--if the Surgeon General came by your house and witnessed the home kit being collected it still could NOT be used in ANY court in this counntry. If the man tested thinks that he is not the father based on the home test then he should have NO real problem stepping up to take a court admissible version.

Answer: We are not in the business of telling people how to "fix" a test.

Answer: You cannot become immune to pregnancy by having long term sex with a constant partner. That is not the way the human reproductivie system like to work. If your LMP (if I am hearing you correctly) was February 4th then conception would have occurred between February 5th and February 17th.

Answer: The conception would have occurred somewhere between July 5th and July 24th.

Answer: Conception would have occured somewhere between January 19th and February 1st which places the first guy in the running. Protection does not guarantee that you will not get pregnant--nature finds a way. Due dates are always an estimate but they can be pretty much on the mark--for an estimate.

Answer: The child could have been conceived anywhere between July 19th through August 2nd

Answer: Yes but you should call the lab you are going to use before proceeding to make sure you and lab know exactly what it is you want to have done.

Answer: Pregancy tests are not 100 percent accurate and I believe that most of these drugstore tests advise that you confirm your pregnancy with a qualified medical doctor.

Answer: Allof this depends on the judge but yes, a judge can pretty much order anything he wants and the subjects of the order are compelled to comply. The consequences of contempt of court is at the sole discretion of the judge.

Answer: yes, you can just download one of our QuckHit (Sibling Editionthen Test Solutions) and then do the test using those forms. The cost of the test is 400 dollars and you pay when you send in the samples--the test is secure and reliable--if you have questions feel free to contact us at 800-482-3025.

Answer: You are probably not asking the right people--we, for example, are not the right people. You should go to your local university medical center and ask to speak specifically to a person called a "genetic counselor". They will be able to answewr and then some. Good luck!

Answer: You contact Child Support Enforcement in your state and asked to be connected to their Voluntary Paternity Acknowledgemt Program. They can guide you from there.

Answer: A home kit would certainly seem to be a good solution. You can download one at fairfaxidlab.com--click on pricing and then look for QuickHit(Home Identity Test)--click on that and it will download a file to your desktop--that is your kit. just follow directions and you will do fine. You do not pay the 210 dollars until you send in the kit PLUS the mother and child can be done in the different state by just downloading from our website as well. If you are paying the 210 dollars then they do not have to send in any money. If you have questions about this innovative test kit call 800-482-3024.

Answer: No, only a court can take his name off the records--a dna test would be needed as proof but the court still may or may not help you.

Answer: I am not answering the second question because it should be addressed to an attorney. I cannot tell you what the outcome of a dna test will be BUT if this DID happen and you did not tell the lab of the situation then you are wasting their time. The lab needs to know information like this to help them when examining the results for a report. Ther is a three percent chance the nephew is not the father. A 97 percent is NOT an acceptable standard by most quality labs.

Answer: Yes, it is called a prenatal paternity test but unfortunately, I doubt that she will be able to do it because she is too far along. She should wait until the baby is born and then have the test.

Answer: the results should be a 99 percent or A Zero. A 96 percent is unacceptable. That test needs to be finished. Do do the test until the husband is retested with a better lab. It is likely that the husband is the father of the child but there is a four percent chance he is NOT. The ex-girlfriend needs to clear this up before going after your boyfriend.

Answer: Generally, the father pays but there is no hard rule of thumb--Bottom line: it is entirely up to the whim of the ocurt.

Answer: No explanation needed. You are correct. An O plus an O will yield only an O and for the Rh--two positives will yield either a positive OR a negative Rh. Before you decide that something ominous may be afoot--choose to err on the side of caution and consider that someone had not been typed correctly--this is more common then you think.

Answer: If he has a paternity test and it turns out that he is not the father tnen he CANNOT just stop paying support--the dna test is not a get out of jail free card--it is only part of the paternity determination process. Only a court can release him from his obligations and regarding social services--if they feel a paternity test is warranted then they will allow for one and MAYBE(not in every state) pay for the service. Chanceds are that he won't be released from his obligations (again depending on the state) because he signed the birth certificate. You should check with yor chld support agent to verify what I am saying.

Answer: I am not going to comment on the blood type--because the information that you are providing is very vague.--here is where you should be focusing your attention: on the percentage. 97.39 percent means that there is a 2.61 percent chance that he is NOT the father. With today's technology, he should probably be retested.

Answer: 0.00 percent means that there is NO chance that he could be the father--if someone is excluded it is always 0 percent. Regarding the race--race is really only relevant when calculating an inclusion (he is the father) and only the father's race is used to make that determination.

Answer: She could have written Paul McCartney, Jr. on the child's birth certificate but unless Paul McCartney were to sign the BC it means absolutely nothing. Make sure that he DOES NOT sign anything until he has that test otherwise should very well lock him in as the father the test will become nothing more then wishful thinking.

Answer: A laboratory will be able to tell the diference.

Answer: Well, first examine those papers carefully when you get them--you may want to have an attorney look them over--it is likely that they will want you to admit to the paternity by signing a paper--if you sign you may waive your right to the test. There may be somewhere on the paper that you can check that will give you the option of having the test. That is why you should have a lawyer look over the papers. As for the other being in another state--don't worry about that --labs collect between states routinely.

Answer: You got your type from either your mother or your father--your grandparents have nothing to do with it--the reason you are a negative is because a positive and a negative will yield EITHER a negative or a positive. You could have just as well had a positive. Regarding inherited illnesses you should seek the advice of a qualified genetic counselor.

Answer: How do you know that if she has been lying to you all these years that she is telling you "the truth" now? Check with an attorney but I am sure, regardless of the outcome fo the test, that you will still be obligated to pay the support on the child as you ARE the child's legal parent.

Answer: not necessarily. He could have the same blood type and factor as the mother. The father DOES NOT always determine the type of the child. Do a paternity test.

Answer: No, there is not.

Answer: Yes--the child was born into the marriage and that makes him the legal father.

Answer: 5 to 7 business days

Answer: No. It only takes 90 days for transfused blood to leave the systme. 11 years later the transfusion would be irrelevent. Blood transfusions cannot alter a persons dna.

Answer: we do not discuss the risks involved regarding invasive procedures on this board. The paternity test is of no harm to the child or to the mother HOWEVER the collection is invasive so before moving forward I would suggest that you discuss the CVS or Amnio collection procedure with an OB/GY or a Genetic Counselor to acess the risks.

Answer: The type of the child must be either O positive or O negative.

Answer: You're not going to like this answer but if you are paying child support and want another test to refute the previous test then you will have to take that up with the court. If you had a test now and it said you were not the father, the court will not necessarily release you from the obligation of paying support. Resources: see a family support lawyer.

Answer: I made a comment earlier about leaving the lab short of pertinent information and this is a good example. To calculate a combined paternity index, you need to know the index of each system which is placed on your report along with a calculation for CPI. If the reason that you have left out the index is because the father was exlcuded on this testing understand that an eclusion is zero and so there would be NO CPI. By the way, these are not dna systems so I am assuming you had a test quite some time ago.

Answer: No--you are compelled by the court to cooperate.

Answer: There is a 50/50 chance that he could be the father.

Answer: August 24 throught September 7

Answer: I guess my question to you is what is to stop him from obtaining an order for paternity testing. If you have alleged that he is the father in any way--he may be able to obtain and order and if he does then you are compelled by the court to cooperate.

Answer: The testing would not be different--it would be a good idea to bring in BOTH potential fathers but if that is not possible then it is imperative that the lab be notified of the situation. Holding back information is something that test subjects frequently will do--it is not a smart idea to NOT give a lab relevant information.

Answer: To use the example given, the notation "D3S1358" is interpreted as follows: "D" means that the location is on the DNA of the human genome (there are some organisms who have RNA as genomes;" "3" indicates that the location, or locus, being tested is on chromosome #3; "S" means that there is normally only a Single copy of the genetic sequence anywhere in the entire haploid genetic makeup of the person; "1358" is a "catalog number," for want of a better word. You could think of it as the 1358th sequence characterized on chromosome 3, if you like. The sequences that are studied are short stretches of genetic subunits, called bases, that are repeated one after another. The numbers that two related people share indicate the number of repeats of the sequence at the genetic locus in question.

Answer: You have already answered your question. You said he did a home test and that you did not see him take the test. Retake a test and this time pay a little for to have a court admissible version done and make sure that you are tested as well--make sure all samples are collected the same place at the same time.

Answer: no, you cannot.

Answer: March 25th through April the 8th would be the time of conception. You need to take a paternity test to answer your second question and you should discuss the merits of sonograms with a qualified medical professional.

Answer: Yes, you can search this forum for the many post that we have put on on the subject of prenatal testing... They should answer your question.

Answer: between July 18th and August 1st.

Answer: A prenatal paternity test is an invasive procedure and any invasive procedure may involve risks. You must check with a physician or a qualified Genetic Counselor in order to properly ascertain risks.

Answer: I don't know what a "coverage in the vagina" is. Suffice it to say that some people have lots of kids over lots of years, so that in itself, if you think about it for a second, argues against what I THINK you're saying, that the likelihood of a woman having children with a man goes down the longer she has sex with him. Which one could be the father? Either one could be, on the basis of the information provided. Get a test to be sure; that's the only way.

Answer: You can do the test at the 10th week--you will have to check with your local health department or abortion clinic. Abortion cut off times will vary from state to state.

Answer: Huh? I have no idea what your questions is. Please restate your question.

Answer: she can refile anywhere that she goes but it will take time for the state to pick up her case to the point where they will come seeking aknowledgement. When they do, ask for the test before you sign anything.

Answer: If you submit questions that should be more properly answered by an attorney those questions will be immediately deleted with NO response. Please direct those questions to the appropriate lawyer driven forums of Divorcenet.com. Ask the Experts is not a lawyer forum.

Answer: You could but it would be better to get one of the deceased's children and do a sibling relationship testing for half or no sibship.

Answer: somewhere between August 3rd and August 18th

Answer: I would start by contacting an attorney and see about petitioning for a test. If you are the father, the attorney will be able to counsel you on your legal rights.

Answer: 10 weeks and it is a dna test so it is very accurate.

Answer: yes, you can find the answer here from previous post.

Answer: The child will be an A or an O

Answer: two positives will produce either a negative OR a positive Rh. Two A's will produce eith an A or an O. He could very well be the father of the child but consider taking one of our home tests.

Answer: It is hard to say since your information is vague. Regardless, as I have said in my previous posts, calculation are estimates and I would not tell you who is more likely to be the father. Get a test.

Answer: In some states, paternity is considered conclusive at 97 percent. A 97 percent indicates a 3 percent margin of error.

Answer: Have the paternity test. Forget the features issue and also consider that the conception calculations are estimates and so are not entirely accurate. You need to move forward with the test to give yourself closure.

Answer: Well, as I see it, the change in dates has you somewhat confused. Remember that these types of calculations have a variance of give or take two weeks before or after. In your case I would consider doing two calculations which I will do now. Lets Start with June 11th: the child would have been conceived between September 9th through September 22nd--NOW let's take the other extreme--June 18th--the child would have been between September 19th and September 27th. Unfortunately, you cannot say who the father is because the times that you had intercourse with these two men overlap--and you are right you need to do a molecular based test which will accurately pinpoint your father. I am getting the impression that you are trying to decide which man you will test first. I would say you should consider testing the husband first and then go on from there if need be. good luck.

Answer: It will depend on the judge but I would let your husband be tested and THEN take it the judge for a decision--otherwise this man will continue to test this case into eternity.

Answer: I don't know anything about the Jewish faith so you should check with someone more knowlegable spirtually. She can give the child any name she wants. The real question is WHOSE name is going on the certicate as the father? As far as paying or splitting the cost, the lab won't care who pays it--that is between you two to decide--or, if you two cannot make the decision between you--a court to decide.

Answer: if the first man came back included at that percentage, I would be very surprised is the second father came back with the same result.

Answer: Home kits are not court admissible and are for "curiosity" ONLY. Most of these tests are done without the participation of the mother.

Answer: search this board for the links that I have posted to the Federal OCSE state profiles. When you get there, click on the state of your choice and then click on paternity--you will find your answer there.

Answer: You can probably find most of the answers to your question by contacting the clerk of courts offices as court proceedings are a matter of public record. A paternity test does not have to be performed to determine paternity--the signing of the birth certificate in some state will settle the issue--in some states a signing of the birth certificate AND a paternity aknowledgement will determine paternity and paternity can be declared by the court "in default" if a man is deemed uncooperative. A paternity test is only part of the picture you see.

Answer: if they have the same father and different mothers they are half siblings--likewise, if they have different fathers but the same mother they are also half siblings--that is what determines a half sibling relationship.

Answer: you have to have the test if you are compelled by the court to do so. If the court tells her to have then she has to comply

Answer: Before he can sign over his rights you have to establish the child's actual parentage. YOu and the guy need to do a paternity test first then take results to an attorney.

Answer: No. It cannot.

Answer: figure on spending around 2200 dollars in out of pocket expenses. Insurance will not cover this proecdure.

Answer: In the state of Virginia, paternity is conclusive if the paternity aknowledgement has been signed AND the birth certificate has been signed. I doubt seriously if the man can get a peternity test and have himself declared the father of the child. Legal paternity has been established.

Answer: No. There is no serious validation studies performed in this country to make it an acceptable solution and it is currently NOT endorsed by the American Association of Blood Banks. You are better off spending your money on tried and true procedures.

Answer: yes--and no. You have it half right which is appropriate for sibling question. Half sibling wil share only ONE common parent while whole siblings will share BOTH parents. In half siblings the common parent can be EITHER the mother OR the father. It does not matter.

Answer: Mutations in any genetic test system are not unknown, and they typically manifest as a unit number difference (such as 29 in the child and 28 in the AF). Know two things: first, it depends on whether or not the 29 is truly the allele that had to have come from the child's biological father, and since no mother's data are given, this can't be known for sure; and second, it's important to know whether or not this was the only exclusion on the report. No lab testing to accepted standards will exclude a man on the basis of only one genetic inconsistency. At least two are required, and for the STR-type tests (as in this case), each of them should be a mismatch that is off by more than a unit number difference. If this exclusion is one of several, then it really doesn't matter if it's real or not; there are others that would reinforce the conclusion of nonpaternity.

Answer: First, if you look around on the internet there are caluclators that you can find for each state that will calculate how much child support you could expect to pay. Second, IF the Attorney General's office orders you, through the court order, your are compelled to submit. If you do NOT take the test they could declare you to be the father by default and you would still end up paying child support--do not neglect any contact that you have may have with the AG's office. Lastly, confirm what I have said here with an attorney.

Answer: If she doesn't want the test get an attorney and see if you can have a court ordered test performed.

Answer: Grandmother wants full custody of the child? Bearing in mind that she raised a child who is allegedly manic depressive and potentially abusive, she should probably concentrate on the child that she does have. Until paternity is established, she has no rights as a grandparent but you should check with an attorney to determine her rights, if there are any at all.

Answer: Well, first things first--don't sign that birth certificate without a test. If she does not want a test then there must be some sort of reason. Secondly, BEFORE you enter into a support agreement you should contact Queens Counsel in Canada and find out EXACTLY what Canada's stance is on this subject and how child support works. Canada DOES have a reciprocal agreement with the United States for the collection of child support so try to establish what you need under Canadian law.

Answer: It does not sound to me as is she is going to be forthright about any information that will help you to detemine paternity. I would just insist on a paternity test BEFORE any papers, including the birth certificate, are signed. I could not even begin to speculate on whether or not should could pass the baby off as pre-mature.

Answer: HUH?

Answer: If this child wants "closure" then he should have no problem take a paternity test. Our Quickhit kits are downloadable and only cost 210 dollars. If he tries to play with the test in anyway--the child would be excluded so you could probably assume that there would be no monkey business on the part of the child. Tell your friend NOT to do anything until he has a test. If you have questions about QuickHit, you can contact us at 800-482-3025.

Answer: If you search through this board you will find links to a site called OCSE State Profiles. You should be able to get you answer at that site.

Answer: I cannot tell you if the babies are identical twins based on this information alone. We sell a twin test that you can download from our website which is on 285 dollars but you can't do the test until the babies have been born.

Answer: No,child support has to be overtuned by the oourt and home test kits are NOT admissible in a court of law.

Answer: A drug testing company would be better qualified to answer those questions.

Answer: You can do the test the very day the baby is born.

Answer: There are three ways. 1. using both paternal grandparents 2. using a sample from the deceased. 3. Testing children of the deceased for sibling relationships.

Answer: laboratories have quality controll measures in place as a matter of routine. The best thing to do is to make sure that ALL are pleasant at the time of the collection and stay until it is packed and shipped.

Answer: The only way is if the child support people agree to waive the back support. Talk with an attorney and get some legal input before pursuing this option.

Answer: Well, he could do a home test on himself and the child--not court admissible but it will give him answer. He could go to court and seek a paternity test as well so yes, he can legally pursue the case--start by consulting with an attorney.

Answer: When the child is born, go to child support and file for support. They will ask you the names of the people whom you suspect is the father of the child. Let them take care of this for you.

Answer: No studies that I know of--I am curious--how is the second test going to rule out human error--what if the first test was correct all along and the second test is in error.

Answer: If he is the legal father, she cannot deny him his rights as a father. Take this up with a family law attorney and ask about things like joint custody and visitation. In some states, the birth certificate is considered conclusive proof of parentage.

Answer: you should probably contact the AG's office to find out if there is another test. You are challenging the results so do not look for the court to pay for the second test--except in Florida where they will pay for a second test.

Answer: you can read more about this subject by search the entrie thread. Yes, it is possible and the process can start at about 10 weeks.

Answer: absolutely

Answer: Personally, I do think you are grasping at straws--the swab he decribed as spoon shaped is just a different sytle of swab--there are many types. The court gave you an "attitude" because they consider the issue closed. Child support offices do not always collect on site so it does not surprise me that he was tested at an off site facility. IF there is a father--a potential father that you have NOT tested against then you need to test him and any others before you go after the first guy again. You need to eliminate ALL variables in order to make your argument credible.

Answer: They used to send it to Greensboro but that lab is now defunct--they could send it to Burlingotn. If results are forged then the lab who did the testing will be able to tell you. If the lab who tested your case was in Greensboro, NC--just fax it to me at 336-883-3856. I will probably be able to tell you.

Answer: See an attorney before you go to the court and YES take your paternity test with you to show to the judge. Consult with an attorney first.

Answer: If the child was born into their marriage then he will most likely be liable to pay child support and I will be surprised if he is able to get a test. He needs to contact an attorney immediately.

Answer: He could take the child and perform a home test but without the birth certificate he would be hard pressed to get one that is court admissible.

Answer: Unfortunately, the world is not fair and this is one of those unfair examples. If she is going for child suport and they are going to come after him, he will most likely have the opportunity to ask for the test--do NOT sign ANYTHING until you talk to the agency about the test option--you should also take any document that they send you to sign to an attorney to make sure you get the opportunity for a test. Good luck.

Answer: She is alleging that you are the father. First, you will have to wait for the baby to be born, due to the uncooperative state of the mother, to get that paternity test. Since your name is most likely NOT going to be placed on the birth certificate, then get a court order for a paternity test to establish paternity. Do this under the advice of a family law attorney. They have the expertise to insure that you are afforded your paternal rights. If you ARE the father then the law protects your rights as a parent and only the law can take them away from you.

Answer: Wait until the baby is born and then file for child support. Let them give him the option of taking a test.

Answer: The father has convinced himself that there is a difference between a swab and a blood collecion--either way he is getting a dna TEST. A judge ignorant of the differences might order blood to be collected but is is very rare. He is grasping straws.

Answer: You can go to patenitynet.com and get a sibling test there at an inexpensive price..This test will allow you to test wihout your parents.

Answer: I think you have answered your own question. First,a dna test is only a piece of evidence. It will not automatically cause the child to be returned to you. The court will examine all of the evidence and then decide if it is in the interest of the child that you regain custody. The same for the second child. Get the lawyer.

Answer: Downs Syndrome does NOT effect the outcome of a paternity test. The mother is grasping at straws.

Answer: If you were still sexually active with her at the time of conception BEFORE she got pregnant then there is a chance that you could be the father and would be a 50/50 chance. You did not indicate how you knew he was definitely the father.

Answer: I think there is only a 0.4 percent that one of those other men could test positive. Those are pretty slim chances. As for giving the names to the child support, will that is up to you but do not expect them to give you a retest.

Answer: First, the other can give the child any last name that she chooses. She could name the child. She could give the child the last name of Disney but that does not mean that Walt Disney is the father of the child. Depending on the state, the birth certificate may or may not constitute a presumed paternity according to the Federal Office of Child Support Enforcement, Health and Human Services. You indicated in an email response to me that you live in the state of virginia. In the state of Virginia, a paternity is presumed if the man's name is on the birth certificate AND he has signed a paternity aknowledgement paper. BEWARE, in Virginia there are privatized agents who will seek to get you to sign the birth certificate and the PA paper when the child is born. You wil probalby feel some pressure but ,in reality, you don't HAVE to sign anything. I strongly urge you to do a paternity test first. Since you are in Virgina, you and the mother can come into Fairfax to our lab to do the test and we can get you the results in 5-7 working days. That is more then enough time for you to decide what you will sign. Please confirm what I have said with an attorney.

Answer: You can't get one that the court accepts--you signed away that right and don't look for them re-open the case and potentially bastardize the child. You could do home test kit, which we can provide, but it cannot be used in a court of law.

Answer: You've got to be kidding me. You can't break up paternity into percentages based on who pulled out and who didn't. I am sorry but the chances are still 50/50. Take a dna test.

Answer: Blood typing is as about as unspecific as you can get--you can heighten your suspicions but you will still be paying the child support. Regarding the issue of the mother moving to another state, you will need to consult with an attorney in the state where the mother resides. Also, i believe that if you are the father of the child you are allowed parental rights by law. Ask the attorney about those rights and about the possiblity of a dna test. Depending on what state you are in, marriage may constitute a presumed paternity.

Answer: I think you have already answered your own question. The mother is preventing, according to you, you from seeing your own son. You need to file your papers and seek visitation. You might also want to ask the judge to order a paternity test while you are at it.

Answer: your results were shipped, possibly to another state, to a second laboratory for "extended testing". You can expect this to take a lot longer--figure at least four to six weeks when you consider that it has to be sent back to the original lab for release and it will still need to be evaluated by the original lab. This is a common turnaround time in these cases.

Answer: it is not likely.

Answer: I would file for child support if you believe that it wil be diffult to get him to cooperate. I you do a test then with the child support involved then it will be whatever their contract price is.

Answer: very likely

Answer: The child will receive the type from only ONE of the parents but it can be either--neither the father nor the mother will dominate the determination of the child's blood type.

Answer: The child would have been conceived between September 5th and September 19th. Regarding yur court case--I am assuming that the child was not born into a marriage beween you two. In other words, you and he were never married to each other when the child was born? I could not see a court giving this man custody but do check with a lawyer--can he sue you? Again, check with an attorney but I could see what he could sue you for--that you misled him? I have noticed over the years that some men (not all) will use the "make you have the paternity test and then get custody (Read--take mama from her child) as a tactic to scare the mother into backing down from going for child support. Again, check with an attorney to confirm everything that I have said.

Answer: The grandmother does not have the right to have the test without the consent of the parent or a court order--I would be surprised to a court order such a test--well, not true entirely--she could talk the father's parents into doing a grandparentage test but she would have to have access to the child. In any case, she would have to the father's cooperation to do the test. Which brings me to the next question that comes to mind--is she in contact with someone that she THINKS is the father? If she IS talking to such a person, then I would keep an eye on her--she could do the test as a home kit which would need neither your consent nor a court order--it would not hold up in court but it would be a major irritation for you and the father. Talk to an attorney about what you can do to protect your child if you do not wish this test to be conducted.

Answer: Two O's will not make a B. Blood typing is passed directly form the parents--NOT the grandparents.

Answer: If it has been determined that you are the father of the child you have rights and it is not the mother's place to determine the limit of the rights--it is up to the court. Talk to an attorney and lay out for him your situation. Since you indicate that she is constantly on the move then ask the lawyer to consider looking into custody. I do not know the entirety of your situation but you need to have the lawyers working for you so that you can excercise your paternal rights.

Answer: You cannot. Paternity information is secured informaiton. If the test was conducted privately then ONLY your husband can get you that information--or you could ask the mother of the child that was tested. The laboratory will not provide that information for you unless you possess a court order and I seriously doubt you would be able to obtain a court order in this situation.

Answer: As I sat here reading your note one thing came to my mind, and I certainly do NOT mean to be insensitive, is where is your evidence. If you wish to make a case you have to have something concrete that you can take to an attorney. I would speak to social services and see if they will help--otherwise, you need to take your strong gathered evidence to a CARING private attorney who practices in that state.

Answer: You file for child support locally like you would do normally. The local authority will petition to the state level who petitions to the national level who petitions to the regeistry in the UK at Queen Anne' Gate. They can then initiate collection procedures on your behalf.

Answer: Well first--the test is not free--the kit is--you download it from our website and follow the directions. The cost of the test is 210 dollars. You can call us at 800-482-3025 if you would like us to walk you through a download.

Answer: You can either do paternity testing by CVS or Amnio collection. You need a doctor to perform the extraction. I do not know of anyone in Kansas City who performs this test.

Answer: Fairfax Identity Laboratories performs dna testing--our turnaround time is 5-7 business days. We use buccal swab collection for the taking of the samples.

Answer: I think you mean "repository". If you are referring to the DNA that was collected for the military dog tagging program then the answer would be "NO". However, you do NOT have to go to Georgia to take a test. We typically perform interstate tests for our clients. You can contact us at 800-482-3025 to set up a test.

Answer: The collector has to keep a sharp eye out for such activity but overall it is unlikely that it will happen--there are safeguards mandated by the American Association of Bloodbanks that AABB labs are supposed to follow to help insure the integrity of the test. I cannot not speak for non--aabb labs. They do not have to abide by the same quality control standards.

Answer: very simple. You can go to our website at fairfaxidlab.com and obtain one of our downloadable QuickHit Sibling Edition Test kits--the down load is free --the test is 400 dollars and you just send in the money with the test kit. This kit will help you to accurately discern if these two are indeed half siblings.

Answer: I am sorry to hear about your current conflict. We have a test kit that you can download at our website whose address I posted on a listing this morning. The kit that you want is the QuickHit Home Identity Test. The cost is 210 dollars. We do not make you pay for test kits--it is not our style. THAT BEING SAID--we cnnot use your swab sample because there is no way to verify conclusively that it came from the child that you wish to test. You have to have the paperwork from the kit before you collect the sample so that you can insure a sufficient chain of custody under AABB guidlines. I would talk to the police and see if they can suggest anything--being a domestic issue they may not be able to help you but it would be worth a try. Also, talk to an attorney about other issues including joint custody. Regarding the clipped hair--it is of no use.

Answer: Well you are separated by 2000 miles so I can assume that she is in another country? Ultrasound as a conception tool is an approximation. Should you be suspicious--not at this time but if yo continue to doubt then you could, after the 10th week of preganancy, consider a prenatal test.

Answer: THERE WAS A PROBLEM WITH LINK ON THE PREVIOUS POSTING--HERE IS THE QUESTION AGAIN WITH THE CORRECTED LINK: Absolutely--you downnload it at Fairfaxidlab.com. Hope this helps.

Answer: Absolutely--you downnload it at Fairfaxidlab.com. Hope this helps.

Answer: I would suggest that you wait until the baby is born and then have a home test perform--if he is excluded then move on to the second man. you can acquire the test at the following location: Get Test Kit.

Answer: We can do a home test for you for 210 dollars. You do the collection of the sample at home. It is that simple--you can acquire the test at the following location: Get Test Kit.

Answer: expect to pay an out of pocket expense of around 2000 dollars when you figure in the cost of the paternity test and the collection of the fetal sample. You can do the test of course but only with the consent of the mother and the approval of the physician who will perform the collection.

Answer: Who pays for the test is really between you two but if he is contending that he is not the father then it seems to me that the burden of proof is on him to prove his claim so she shuld pay for the test. You can do this test within DAYS after the baby is born--If he has an issue with paying for a test you might have him check out one of our QuickHit Paternity tests which only cost 210 dollars.

Answer: You cannot--it is sad but true--DNA laboratories are businesses and, as such, like to be paid for their services. Your best bet would be to see if someone you know would pay the cost of the test.

Answer: The "swab" test is no different in accuracy from the blood test. It is a good test.

Answer: yes, you can but you will need th authorization of the mother's physician.

Answer: you said bad move and the story ended there--but I will bet you that he took the attorney's advice and ignored the service. In child support cases, a court can hold the father in "default" and declare him to be the father and liable for all child support. I would get a second opinion from a lawyer who specializes in family support.

Answer: You cannot force her to have this test at this time--I would also be surprised if you are able to get a court order since the brother is going to be the legal father. I would suggest that you wait until the child is born and ask the mother to participate in a simple home test to put the problem to bed.

Answer: you can have a paternity test at any age. I hope this helps.

Answer: They are invasive and must be overseen by a physician. As a non-medical lab, we are not qualified to discuss risks involved. That should be discussed directly with a physician.

Answer: Dates of conception are tricky to go by and are only approximate anyway. The blood type information you give doesn't help at all because the men don't know their types, and might not be very useful even if they did know. The ethnicity of the men is irrelevant: a testing laboratory knows how to take that into account. Fairfax Identity Laboratories is located in Northern Virginia. If you are in the area, you can schedule a visit by giving the lab a call. Alternatively, if you are too far away to travel to the lab, they can send you information to have samples collected so that the test will be legally binding

Answer: I wont't comment on the exclusions from the DA's office because you haven't eliminated the final man. You cannot use the dna taken by the prison because that is used for CODIS criminal databanking and so it is owned by the state and NOT by the father. Now, you ARE going to have to get it court ordered because the prison will require it in order for them to allow a plebotomist to come into th prison to oollect the samples.

Answer: You do not need to have all three parties tested. Motherless calculations have be performed accurately since the old days of HLA Testing. Inconsistent means that there was no match for the father and the child for that system. In other words, the father was excluded. If your friend has doubts about the test then she should consider retesting with herself included just to ease her mind.

Answer: You file for child support at the local child support enforcement office. They will attempt to collect and will most likely give him an opportunity for a test. If he does not respond then they will contact the stat in which he resides and forward the case to them for handling.

Answer: We charge 780 dollars for the test. Which is better and quicker--there is no difference--they are just samples from which DNA is extracted.

Answer: Not really--it is said that you can exclude a man with a blood type but the test is still inconclusive because it does not account for the possibility of mutations. ABO typing was used prior to HLA and DNA testing is extremely inconclusive when used as a stand alone test.

Answer: I am being VERY polite when I say that he must be pulling your leg. The baby and you and the father can be tested AS SOON AS THE BABY IS BORN--do not listen to him on this. You will need your parents permission to do the test because you are a minor. Oh, and your parents can file for child support as soon as the baby is born. Good luck to you.

Answer: Certainly--you can go to our website at fairfaxidlab and perform a paternity test with him for only 210.00 dollars . The mother does not have to know.

Answer: The child would have been conceived somewhere between January 24th and February 7th. Regarding the second part: I would want to see the report on paper in case it was misread--perhaps he THOUGHT he heard 89.9 when they meant 99.9. The reason that I am saying this is that it would be shocking to me that an 89.9 would be acceptable even by some state standards. IF that 89.9 is the result of the test then a restest should be insisted upon.

Answer: Yes it is--the material is referred to as P.O.C. which short for Products of Conception. It is an expensive process and money is generally not refundable if the test is inconclusive but yes it is very possible to perform paternity testing on this type of sample. If you intend to do this make SURE that the people performing the abortion save the aborted fetus.

Answer: HLA tests can be tricky both to run and to interpret. The A29 and B44 are both common markers and should not have provided a problem to a competent laboratory, but the accuracy of the test does depend on the white blood cells being alive and healthy. I have seen results compromised because the blood samples weren't fresh and the cells half dead. It is a bit suspicious, by the way, that the lab did change its interpretation with regard to the B44. However, a true exclusion is not drawn on the strength of an exclusion in a single system. If the test was done according to accredited laboratory standards and the accepted legal standards of most states, there had to have been at least one other system where the man was excluded. Otherwise, the conclusion would be held invalid. A DNA test would be more reliable, but of course you need a sample from the man. If he's not cooperative, the only thing I can think of is to raise the point that I did above about needing multiple systems (HLA-A and HLA-B are NOT considered to be separate systems) for an conclusion of nonpaternity, and see if a court will order a new DNA-based test.

Answer: Not on divorcenet you couldn't. This is a DNA paternity fosrum. You should address this issue with tax lawyers.

Answer: I have never heard of a test result that says that he " is or is not" the father. It sounds like you have just the numbers for the test. We could look at it but we charge a consulaltory fee of around 250 dollars per hour for consultation with a PhD. IF it was a paternity test that was performed then you should go back to the lab that performed the test for the interpretation. If you just had blood typing done, then you are really going to need to have a dna test.

Answer: I cannot answer this question for you because we don't really have anything to go on except what you have provided here. It is always possible to throw a test but we do NOT give that information on this board. I doubt there is any medicine that he is taking that would alter his dna. You should probably get and attorney and seek to get another test with a different lab to confirm the results.

Answer: absolutely--look for one of the links in this forum to our website and you can get a sibling relationship kit.

Answer: you can certainly ask the court but remember that in their minds paternity has already been established and that they are going to be very hesitant to change the order. Make sure that you consult with an attorney.

Answer: The courts will weigh the evidence as fairly as they can and render a decision according to the dictates of the state in which the case is being heard.

Answer: You are talking about internation reciprocity. You filed for support and Canada has to, in turn, file for asistance with the Federal Registry in Washington, DC who then will, upon acceptance of your case, transfer the case down to the Florida State Registry who then transfers it to the local support authorities. It is hard to speculate how long the entire process will take. If the father ask for the test then he will probably get it and that means that the lab who performs the test will have to be scheduled in both canada and in Florida. You will have to be patient while the two presiding governments do their thing.

Answer: Menstrual cycles can vary all over the place with regard to length. You will be most likely to ovulate halfway through the cycle (measure the length by first day of the period to the first day of the next period). Note the term "most likely;" there is a variation in the exact time of a day or two each way. The clear mucus you noticed may be an indicator of ovulation. Thickening of the vaginal secretions around the time of ovulation is fairly typical. It serves as a medium that the sperm can swim through.

Answer: I would not want to look at results piece meal like that--if you want to know if they have the same father why don't you consider tesing the two daughters together and just see if they are half or whole siblings? We do it for 400 dollars--it is cheap and efficient.

Answer: I cannot tell you if you had a false positive because I know nothing about the circumstances of the test that you just had. ANYTIME that you are in doubt about a test you should retest for a seocnd opinion. However, social services may not rescind the test first test results so keep an attorney in your back pocket.

Answer: songrams, dates of conceptions and the like ar estimations based on a number of different variables. Your doctor told you to get a paternity test because a molecular based test (DNA) is the only way that you will conclusively resolve your question. I would wait until the baby is born to save on expenses. Labs such as ours when performing the test after the baby is born will get your results back to you inabout 5-7 days for a price ranging from 210 (home kit) dollars to 480 dollars for court advissible testing.

Answer: Go back to the laboratory that you used and ask them to confirm the sex of each sample that was collected. Because the child is supposed to be female--if the switch did occur then when the lab checks the father will show up as female and the little girl will show up as a male.

Answer: you could try an attorney but I am not convinced that you would get anywhere. Alternatively, you oculd see if he has any children and then ask them to test to see if they are siblings.

Answer: A combination of A from the mother and AB from the father will yield either An A, B or AB.

Answer: You are unclear as to WHY he is payingchild support--is it voluntary--was he ordered to pay child support--is he paying because he is in default? I would consult a family law attorney and tell him EVERYTHING and let him decide what you should do before moving forward--if he is paying support then his claim for visitation may be perfectly valid depending on what the attorney can detemine from your information.

Answer: The court will not address this until the baby is born so you will have to wait until then.

Answer: The testing process starts by eliminating those genetic characteristics that the child shares with the mother and then focusing on what is left. If the alleged father has those characteristics, then he is not excluded as the father of the child. The fact that the mother and the father are related to each other themselves does not affect this process and will not affect the validity of the result.

Answer: The test is not valid--fetal cells from previous pregnancies show up in the blood for years and years and so it taints the reliability of the test. I appreciate the laboratory being upfront about who can do the test and so their client was properly informed of the consequences. The test will not hold up in ANY court in the United States and American DNA labs have stayed away from the process until they can find a way to work around the first pregnancy problem. You can insist on a more reliable test but that is your call.

Answer: once again--we are not a legal board and so I cannot advise you of your rights. You had a sexual relationship with an older woman and there were consequences. Unfortunately, this is how the court will see it: you had a relationship and there were consquences. The courts are unlikely to consider the adoption agreement as valid and will only seek to establish the paternity. THAT IS WHY YOU NEED TO GET AN ATTORNEY. Get an attorney who practices in the state where the case is being heard. DO NOT ignore this issue either because if you do not respond appropriately the the state where she resides can refer it to the collection agency in the county where you reside. Ge an attorney.

Answer: First-get a lawyer. Secondly, if she filed for child support--child support made attempts contact him--they would have tried to get him to sign papers admitting that he was the father and he would have had the opportunity to request a test which would have been granted--if he did not bother to respond then they would have taken the problem to the courts and the court most likely found him to be in default, which they can do, and declared him to be the legal father of the child. This is why he needs to have an attorney. Don't look to get any money back because even if he has the test and he is found NOT to be the father--the court can still hold him to his obligation to pay support by simply not reversing their decision. I am not saying "don't bother" but I am saying that he needs help to get himself out of his mess and that means a lawyer.

Answer: Unfortunately, I cannot answer legal questions in this forum. However, it is highly inappropriate for a test to be performed where an interested party or that party's relatives work. I also raise an eyebrow to the fact that you never signed a paternity aknowlegement or a birth certificate. I hope that you take the time to speak to an attorney to see if anything can be done.

Answer: Whether or not a parent can donate depends on the blood type of the donor and the recipient. Whether they're related or not biologically isn't the important part. Parents who are type A or type B and who have a type O child cannot donate to that child because the A and B antigens in the donated blood would cause a potentially fatal reaction in the child. If a donor, parent or not, would be type O-, that donor could donate to anybody, including an A+ recipient. In short, there isn't enough information here to answer whether or not THESE parents could donate to THIS child. They may be able or they may not, depending on what their types are.

Answer: Conception would have been somewhere between November 20th to around December 3rd

Answer: LETS TRY THIS AGAIN--THERE WAS PROBLEM WITH THE LINK: I can't remember if you are on the green line or on the red line. Nonetheless, you can actually go to our website and download a kit that only costs 210 dollars--it is our most popular product to date and you can get your results back in as little aa 5-7 business days. The name of the kit is called QuickHit and you want the paternity version-here is the link: GET Free Downloable Testing Kit

Answer: I can't remember if you are on the green line or on the red line. Nonetheless, you can actually go to our website and download a kit that only costs 210 dollars--it is our most popular product to date and you can get your results back in as little aa 5-7 business days. The name of the kit is called QuickHit and you want the paternity version-here is the link: GET Free Downloable Testing Kit

Answer: The thing that comes to mind when I read this is that she needs to file for child support--it then becomes the responsibility of the state to collect the money. They can track him down and actually work with any state in which he resides to get the money back. If you haven't filed for child support--do so --there is no shame in it. and it sounds like she needs the assistance. If he refuses to pay support they can do anthing from wage garnishment to imposing jail time to asking the IRS for help in garnishing his refunds--in some states they can even suspend his driver's permit.

Answer: I will be surprised if he is able to get a court admissible test since paternity has already been established by the children being born into the marriage. If he does get a court order then you are compelled to cooperate but, again, I would be very shocked if he was able to obtain an actual order.

Answer: you need to have at least one of them tested with a paternity test.

Answer: Yes, you can do a grandparentage study and we have a home test kit for this very problem but with grandparentage testing you will need BOTH grandparents.

Answer: You could see if there are any deceased samples to work with--you will need th paternal grandparents permission to use them but the simplest way is to use BOTH grandparents in a grand parentage test.

Answer: I am not going to contact on the blood typing because you could not provide the father's type but let me say this if you don't do the dna test then this issue will never get settled. A court admissible test from our lab is 480 dollars while our home kit is 210 dollars.

Answer: The tests wont come back as inconclusive--that means the lab was unable to determine the outcome of test. The results will either be an inclusion or an exclusion.

Answer: you will need to speak to an attorney where the father resides and see if it is possible.

Answer: Yes it is. Home kits are reliable for collecting the mother and the father in this case but the fetal sample still has to be collected by a doctor.

Answer: The only thing that you can really do is just ask him--I suppose you could try to take him to court but consult an attorney if you do since you both are adults and it might be difficult to conpell him. Another option would be to test yourself against one of his children to see if you are siblings.

Answer: only a court can determine the status of his rights--did he find out through some third party revelation or did he have a court admissible test that said he was not the father--you have to be able to prove your point to the court.

Answer: "Race" is a murky concept, and in come senses, it has no meaning. Two people whose ancestors have never been out of Northern Europe since the ancient ancestral peoples migrated there during (probably) the last Ice Age will not have a child who looks like the people who presently live in equatorial Africa. Those Northern Europeans would be classified as "white" by the writer of the question. However, in North America, we are a group of peoples who have lived together for a couple of hundred years now and whose ancestors have come from practically everywhere else on the planet. We have become a very mixed society genetically during that time, and the term "race" has become a much more subjective concept, usually based on somebody's perception of physical characteristics. A child who is called "white" by one person may not be identified the same way by another person, and physical characteristics are inherited in a very complex and often unclear way. What makes the child in the question a "different race child?" Does the child have dark hair where the parents are blonde? That can happen. But as far as any other characteristics go, I have no idea what the questioner means by "white" and "different race child."

Answer: The court would have made its determination in the face of the genetic test results, and if the man had been excluded by the tests, the court would not have named him the father "just so the child would not be fatherless." UNLESS paternity had already been adjudicated or admitted prior to the testing. Courts are reluctant to vacate a paternity conclusion if the man has been in the child's life for some period of time, even if test results subsequently show him not to be the biological father. Remember, the court decides on the basis of what is best for THE CHILD. If, for a period of a couple of years, a man has behaved as a child's father, a court normally would consider it in the child's best interests to preserve that de facto relationship. As for the sickle cell situation: It is correct that full blown sickle cell disease requires that the person have the trait from both parents. People can develop a genetic abnormality even when a parent doesn't have it. It's called mutation, and that's a possibility here, if everything else has been ruled out.

Answer: I wouldn't bet on it. Facilities that store sperm for artificial insemination purposes store it in liquid nitrogen, which is at a temperature of -196 degrees Celsius. Your household freezer may be at -20 degrees at best. Why does that matter? Because even when frozen, sperm cells will still use up the chemical energy they need to swim to an egg. How fast they use it up depends on how cold they are; the colder the storage temperature, the longer they'll last. Plus, and this is probably more important, the RATE at which they're frozen will be a lot faster in liquid nitrogen, and when things freeze quickly, ice crystals are less likely to form. Crystals of ice are deadly to living cells because they will puncture the cells' membranes. Stuff just takes too long to freeze in the typical household freezer (how long did it take you to make more ice for that last bottle of soda you drank?)

Answer: Yes, the test will--basically it is just a matter of doing enough testing until one of them produces two exclusions.

Answer: Wow! I truly wish I could just solve your problem right here but honestly you need a good family law attorney. There may be nothing that you can do but you need expert advice who can give you some options. Get the attorney and I hope you do well. Good luck.

Answer: Generally, it is not the child's last name that is important it is whether that last name is legally linked to a father. In your case the court has ruled that you are not the father based on the rsults of a dna test. The mother can pretty much call her child by any last name that she chooses but that does NOT make you the father. If you want the name changed you will have to take it up with the court--it really is their decision--you may want to consult with your attorney on this before you take up the issue to see if the expenditures and the tim involved is really worth the effort.

Answer: What are the laws in Oklahoma--I have no idea. You need to consult with an attorney who practices there.

Answer: Contact the Bureau of vital statistics in your state capital and ask them for instruction on how to make the change. It will have to be made in a court of law since a birth certificate is a legal document. This agency should help you get started.

Answer: I cannot speculate on how often that would occur. You didn't give me a lot of information to work with. It is possible I suppose but that would imply the need for a third test to confirm the validity of either test.

Answer: you can go to our website, fairfaxidlab.com, and order a test there and we have a coordinator who will set up a test for you in the chicago area. As for the IRS--that is between you and them--you will have to ask them directly but I suspect that they are acting on a court order and getting your money back may be very complicated.

Answer: Paternity Identification is exactly what it is for. There are molecular (DNA) tests that can be done by labs that hire genetic counselors such as the ones at Genetics & IVF Institute but he would would have to be very specific about what disease he wants to test for. This sounds more like he wants a paternity test.

Answer: Your question is vague at best and doesn't provide me with a lot of detail so I could not even hazard a guess as to what the discrepancy. You are in california so that means that DA/Family Support is handling your brothers case. They contract with an outside laboraory that is accredited by the AABB. I think that the place in San Diego may also be accredited but you had a test done by someone who no longer seems to be around. Secondly, if he was tested by this other lab then he should have receive a test result. Regardless, you will have to have a lot more evidence and be able to present it to the court that adjudicated your brother in order for the DA's office to reverse their decision.

Answer: Your doctor will not perform a paternity test. It will have to be performed by a paternity laboratory. Insurance will not cover this type of test and the collection of the fetal sample must be done with the approval of your physician. You can use EITHER father for the test.

Answer: without her cooperation, you will need to obtain a court order.

Answer: not exactly. A birth certificate is a legal document--as such, it can only be altered in a court of law. You will need to take the issue and the test results to court. By the way if your results came from a home test kit, the courts will not accept your results. You will need to present a court ready test.

Answer: Generally,you are going to have to wait until the baby is born. You could have a prenatal test but ONLY if the mother and her doctor agree to cooperate.

Answer: consider that the dates that she is giving you may be inaccurate. That being said--do not take my comments to imply that she lied to you. Many times, people can get the dates ocnfused. So it is possible that it could be the other guys--you may want to consider testing yourself against the child with one of our QuickHIT kits. There are links to it all over this board.

Answer: 86 percent says that he may be the father with a 14 percent chance that he is NOT the father. No court in the US will accept this result. Retest.

Answer: yes

Answer: You are right of course--for a child to be adopted the father has to be confirmed--usually with a paternity test. Your best bet would be to contact him and see if he will voluntarily consent to the test--you then will need to talk to the prison administration about HOW to get the samples collected. After that you make arrangements with a laboratory and they will help coordinate the sample collection.

Answer: You probably should have done this with him when he was alive--you can exhume his body and samples can be collected OR you could see, if he was autopsied, if there are samples left over from the autopsy.

Answer: as long as the hospital agrees--yes.

Answer: In your case, I would say a sibling study is he best bet. If you are the common mother and you suspect that he is the common father you can test to see if the children are half or whole sibloings.

Answer: Several red flags pop up for me: one, the father's secretary is handling the set up to schedule an in lab test--it may be nothing but it raises an eyebrow for me. especially in light fo the fact that you have separate appointment dates. 2. Local lab in California--ok--I am absolutely amazed that almost ALL Californians that I have encountered seem to think that local is better which is simply NOT so.. --is this an aabb certified lab--if they are not get another laboratory. Lastly, motherless testing is routine so do not worry about that issue. It is absolutely possible to fix a test. We do not pass along that type of information on this board but you can rest assured that it is a possibility that you should consider. If you are uncomfortable with the current situation--talk to the secretary and insist that you attend the father's collection--make sure that not only do you witness the collection but also the packaging and the shipping of the test kit if it is being sent elsewhere. Also, it never hurts to check with with the Better Business Bureau and in California call the District Attorney's office and contact consumer affairs to see if there are any complaints. Good luck with your test.

Answer: Well, I wouldn't jump the gun yet. Your going to need proof and ia phone call from your ex will not cut it. She needs to provide you with a copy of the report which you can then take to an attorney. Once you get a copy contact me through this site and we can arrange for you to fax it and I will take a look at it. What I am looking for is to see if the test was altered, if the lab is accredited (which you need for court admissibility) and if the results came from a regular test OR a home kit. The lawyer will have to advise you on the other issues but generally, and check this with an attorney, if the child was born into the marriage then you may NOT be able to contest the support.

Answer: No. Two things to keep in mine--ONE--you waited to long to use the sample even with the mother's consent--and secondly--doctors can be skittish about doing one that is up front and above board--No doctor is going to risk his career to do a paternity test on the sly. Simply put, you cannot these samples without the mother's permission.

Answer: The question needs to be rephrased. I can follow the "8.565 x 10 to the power of 10" part, assuming that you can't do exponential notation on your computer. The remainder of your sentence, though, is a puzzler. Is this a different paternity index value for another situation? How does it pertain to the remainder of your question. Perhaps a bit of puncutuation with commas might be enough to clarify.

Answer: You need to file for child support with the Child Support Ofice in your state (local office). They will contact him and give him a choice. He can take the test OR he can be named father by default. Setting up testing between states is very easy. DO NOT opt for a home kit in this case since you have indicated that he wants nothing to do with the child--instead, let the child support people handle your problem and get everything set up so that he has to go to a lab where there are witnesses and will have to present valid id.

Answer: I am assuming that you will be paying in Georgia. I would suggest, especially due to the complexity of the situation, that you seek an attorney and get this sorted out with someone in person. If you have proof that an attorney can use, he will be able to help you.

Answer: Interesting questions. I have spoken to people who have waited for as long as 6 months to get an appointment for a test. Results come back to the DA in about two weeks but take on more time for their overburdened case workers to process the results and hope they get back to you if you are NOT the father. As far as rights and options, you will need to discuss that with an attorney.

Answer: I do not mean to be cavalier about this but there is one way to find out since you are being granted temporary custody of the child. Have the brothers tested using a home kit solution. You can actually download one from our site--just follow one of the links that I have posted on the board. When you do these tests-MAKE SURE THE LAB KNOWS THAT ALL THREE BROTHERS WERE WITH THE WOMEN DURING THE CONCEPTION PERIOD.

Answer: That is not true. You are entitled to results if you participated in the test. It is a good idea NOT to sit and wait for the results to magically appear. There are two labs contracted in Florida to do the testing--one is primary and one is secondary (to handle confirmation testing and such). Turnaround time can be usually 2 to three weeks. HOWEVER, consider that the results of these tests are being placed into the hands of overburdened caseworkers so follow up on your situation is a must. Give them a call and call until you get the results.

Answer: The types would be A, B, AB or O The Rh for the child would be negative. Consider using one of our speedy QuickHit downloadable paternity test kits which you can obtain at our website here

Answer: We cannot speculate on the probability of paternity based on blood type information alone. You can go here to check on the different blood type combinations. When you get there click on "Blood Type Predictor".

Answer: An O+ and another O+ will yield either an O+ OR O-. I have never heard of an A+O blood type. Perhaps you misunderstood. Here is my advice and I hope that you take it: Have yourself, the child, and the father RE-TYPED to confirm the types that you quoted to me. Lastly, consider having yourself, the child and the father tested using one of our QuickHIT paternity test kits. They are very inexpensive and the turnaround time to get back the results are fast. Taking the test does not brand you an adultress and it can be done discreetly IN YOUR HOME privately so that no one but your family and a witness knows. Just recontact me through this board if you have additional questions.

Answer: First, we will not say whether or not someone is the father based on the calculation of the ocnception date. If the date of birth is November 27th then the child would have been conceived somewhere between February 19th and March 4th.

Answer: I have never heard of domestic relations taking on a case until after the baby is born. You may want to call DR and confirm but I am sure that I am correct. They may contact him to sign something saying he is the father--if they do then he should immediately ask them for a paternity testing BEFORE he signs. They will most likely give him the test. Don't look for DR to even consider this case or testing until the baby is born.

Answer: One thing glares out at me like a sore thumb when I see what you have written. You had Man B test and he was excluded so you have immediately concluded, based on the doctor's evidence, which keeps changing and as you have documented, that the lab that performed your test is wrong and that someone must have tampered with the sample. That is always a possiblity but it is not a credible supposition unless you have Man C tested. By the way is there a Man A? If there is you should have him tested as well. You have to realize that ALL of the the information that the doctors are giving you is NOT gospel. It is only a guess based on periodic monitorings of your pregnancy. That is why things kept changing on you. If I were a doctor and I told you that you had cancer and had only a month to live, I can guarantee you that the first thing that you would do would be to get a second opinion. In a sense that is what you are doing when you are posting here but you need to eliminate the other variables from your testing scenario--The other two men. Have those men tested.

Answer: CVS and Amniotic fluid collections. You may discuss the procedures in detail with the mother's physician who will have to collect those samples.

Answer: we will not discuss legal ramifications--that is for attorneys. The hospital cannot force you to sign a birth certificate. The father has to sign in order for his name to be placed on the certificate. Again, discuss this with a qualified attorney.

Answer: The problem is not the test--it can be done at anytime--the problem is going to be finding someone who will be willing to collect a sample after 22 weeks. The Institute (GIVF) does not collect after the 22nd week.

Answer: This is a very good question. First, make sure the company is an actual laboratory and NOT an internet front. You just do not know what you are going to get. We have encounterede a laboratory that operates out of a PO BOX in Canada--they do a lot of internet promotion and apparently pick up a lot of business. As a result, this lab picks up a lot of complaints and re-tests because their client just aren't comfortable with the results. Legitimate labs will NEVER give you results over the telephone--if they do then your confidentiality will be violated. ALWAYS GET A WRITTEN REPORT FROM THE LAB YOU ARE USING--ACCEPT NOTHING ELSE. The other thing that I am noticing is that some of these fronts claim AABB certification when in FACT they may be referencing their testing to an AABB Lab. Is this OK--yes and NO. IF you see the internet front's name on the report and NOT the actual lab who tested then the test is nothing more then a home test and cannot be used in court. Prices--well, home kits are genrally cheaper--our home kits are only 210 dollars and you download them so that you can do you collection the same day that you inquire with the lab--the advantage is that you get a faster turnaround time. Compare to our full service court admissible testing which is 480 dollars-the QuickHIT is 270 dollars cheaper. Lastly, DO NOT BUY KITS FROM COMPANIES THAT ONLY DO HOME TESTS--BUY THE TESTS FROM AABB LABS THAT ACTUALLY EXIST IN THE REAL WORLD. Don't leave your life decisions to internet fronts.

Answer: yes. 10 weeks.

Answer: It sounds like he did not respond in time and he was found to be in default--odd that he is not being afforded any information. Have him get an attorney in the state where the case is being heard and tell the Attorney EVERYTHING. Bottom line and I am sure the attorney will tell you this too--if he is the father of that child and has been named as such and is paying support then he has parental rights just like you would as a grandparent so get the attorney and find out what they are.

Answer: This is a good question and the answer is yes. Just contact the laboratory who did the test and ask them to confirm the sex of the child.

Answer: Paul, I would do another test--you can get one of our quickHit tests from our website at Get Test Kit The kit is free to download-is only 210 dollars and you will get the results back in 5-7 business days. Did you actually see a report or are you taking her word? The reason that I am asking is that there is no such thing as a 99 percent exclusion--if you were excluded the percent would be 0. 99 percent usually indicates the possiblity that you ARE the father. ONE MORE THING: if this is the case, do not fault your wife--it may be that she misunderstood the results--we get a lot of calls from people who misread the results. That is why you should do another test to confirm.

Answer: If you have BOTH parents of the man you suspect is the father, then you can just go over to our website and down load one of our grandparentage test kits--they are only 210 dollars. If this is not the case then contact me again and give me more detail and I will try to help you out.

Answer: These are very good questions. 1995 was about when the states were just starting to get comfortable with DNA and HLA was slowly fading away as the preferred testing method. You did not specify which test that you had in 1995--did you have an HLA test? Did you have a DNA test OR did you have a test panel consisting of both HLA AND DNA? A blood test can be either and HLA or a DNA test. A Swab is only for DNA testing. To answer your question let me say this: IF you had the HLA test then YES you can take the results from the 1995 test and compare them to the new test PROVIDED that the second man also has the HLA test done. DNA is another matter--you need to run the test each time so labs generally keep samples left over from the first test in storage in case a second test has to be performed. That is the good news--the BAD news is that most labs only hold the extra dna for a limited amount of time--we hold specimens for three years for examples so it is liely that IF it is a DNA test then you should just start from scratch and have all of the samples recollected. IF YOU HAD THE HLA TEST then you will hae to locate a lab who will do HLA testing and they are getting rarer and rarer as time goes by.

Answer: You definitely need an attorney for this. You did not say whether or not this child was CONFIRMED to be yours. It might be a good idea to have a paternity test to make sure that this child is really yours. I don't say this to imply anything but you may or may not remember the case of baby jessica--the child was put up for adoptiona and the biological father appeared out of nowhere and regained custody of the child. It might be a good idea for you to have a simple test to make sure that you are the father so talk to your attorney about this aspect and good luck.

Answer: Each person has two markers at each locus. Each person also has two parents. The markers come from each individual's parents; one comes from the mother, and the other one comes from the father. Consequently, one marker at each locus will match with the mother, and other one will match with the biological father. There must be a match with both parents.

Answer: You need a lot of hair--with roots--at LEAST 60-80 follicles to start. It is also expensive--it would be simpler for you to obtain one of our downloadable QuickHIT test kits and just do a discrete swab.

Answer: I could not answer that question because I do not know th e types of the parents. You could go to Fairfaxcryobank.com and use the blood type predictor there. That way you could sit down at your leisure and experiment with the different combinations of types.

Answer: I guess the baby is being born outside the marriage then so you should clarify paternity with an attorney. As to the birth certificate, get the man tested that you think is the father first--don't let the hospital pressure you into signing the certificate until you have taken care of this piece of business. Check with your attorney for the process and also clarify the process with your local clerk of court's office as well as the bureau of vital statistics located in your state capital. They maintain the birth records.

Answer: This is what is entirely wrong with our court system. If you made the baby you should pay the baby. You are absolutely correct--the bio father should have his name on the BC. Unfortunately, in your state that may not be possible. I would try a couple of more lawyers and see if you can locate any support groups who can offer assistance. Talk to your congressman. Right now, I doubt if you could force the bio to take a court admissible test simply because the court will not allow or accept one even it it is court ready. This is not fair but in your state it may be the law. I will you the very best with your journey and let us know if you find anything so that we can pass it on.

Answer: You could get a test done but only with a doctor's consent. It requires an amniotic fluid extraction which is invasive and can only be performed by a physician. You will need samples from yourself AND from the suspected father. You can save yourself some money by using our QuickHIT home test kit to do you and the mother and give a copy of the test kit to the doctor to do the etraction fo the child. The doctor can send everything in to the lab. Generally, not including the doctor's fee a prenatal paternity test can cost as much as 780 dollars but by using the QuickHit system the test would cost around 490 dollars.

Answer: Honestly, I had a very hard time making sense of this question. You have an e.e. cummings thread going on here with the total lack of punctuation, reversed letters (I do that sometimes when I type too fast) and a lot of mis-spellings. I am saying this because I have to sort though a lot of these and this slows down the posting. NOW to your question. IF I am reading you correctly you had sex with three different men within a close time proximity of each other. I am assuming that perms does not refer to your hair so you mean sperm. I have a feeling that you do NOT want any of these fathers to know. We cannot tell you who the father of your child is based on this information. You could calculate backwards 40 weeks from the child's birth date and then account for the premature nature of the birth. THAT is where your problem, as you see it, lies. Here is what I do in situations like this: Let's start with your original due date which is May 1st--that would put the date of conception somewhere between July 26th and August 9th. NOW let's go back a week to the 23rd and using that date let's calculate again and that would put the date of conception somewhere between July 20th and August 3rd. My money is on the first calculation but you can take your pick. Unfortunately, that still leaves all three men in the running. I would go to the first guy and ask him for a paternity test. That is the only way you are going to put this to rest. Good luck.

Answer: Well the first thing I would do is haul out any other potential fathers and test them. He could have switched samples during the test OR it could be that he is NOT the father. Don't go after him until you have beyond any degree of certainty excluded any other potential fathers.

Answer: The type will be A or O positive OR negative

Answer: I looked at two possible dates of conception using the child's birthdate as the first reference and then going backwards two weeks. If you look at the first date then you fall into the date of conception. If you look at the second dates then you would not. Bear in mind that ALL calculations are estimates. This is NOT a responsible way to determine paternity. I will say this to you: you need to have a paternity test in order to exclude yourself. You and her can use, for example, an inexpensive test to do this--a home version like our popular QuickHITTesting Solution. Hope this helps.

Answer: I cannot answer this question. We are not a medical facility. It would be more appropriate for you to direct the question to your OB/GYN.

Answer: The Friend of the Court in Michigan is just following their procedures. Generally, they do not accept test results from labs other then those that they have approved or have contracted. That is one issue. Your friend may not be able to obtain a test through the FOC because they may consider the case to be closed because of the birth certificate issue. Your best bet is to consult an attorney but do not expect anything to change. By the way, Michigan is reputed to be one of the toughest enforcers of child support collection laws.

Answer: What could happen? It is fraud. If you are the mother and have proof, then report it. Check with your local child support agency on how this issue is handled.

Answer: You are correct--the child will be either A or O. However, as he probably knows you cannot INCLUDE someone with a blood typing. You can EXCLUDE BUT NOT INCLUDE and even with an exclusion you still need to do additional testing simply because typing is not reliable as a means for deciding paternity. I would suggest that you and him conduct one of our QuickHIT downloadable paternity tests which you can obtain at Fairfax Identity Laboratories. As I said before, it is downloadable and is extremely expensive.

Answer: I cannot answer questions regarding Texas Law. However I can direct you to someone who can. In the city where she resides, contact the Attorney General's Office, Office of Child Support Enforcement. Since the child was born into the marriage it may be that the to be-ex husband is the "legal father" and is responsible for the child. Again, check with the Attorney General's office. Also, contact a private attorney who can practice in Texas who can give you proper counseling. You are being drawn into a divorce settlement issue so make sure that your interest are clearly covered.

Answer: This is sad. We hear this all the time. If he is your father you definitely need to find out just so that you can have a complete medical history. I would suggest that you find out who is children are and approach them for a possible sibling test. Maybe they would be willing to test. Assuming that you are an adult, I would say that it may be impposible for you to obtain an order compelling him to be tested but I would double check what I have told you with an attorney. We have a sibling test that has just been posted at Fairfax. It is one of our new downloadable test kits. With it you could do a home sibling collection to send to our laboratory. I wish you the best of luck.

Answer: I am assuming that you, the nephew, are the child in this case. You can go through with the paternity test as planned. It would be very nice to have the mother but it is not essential. However, you HAVE TO ALERT THE LAB about your situation. Do not hold back. You need to impress upon them the severity of your situation. The testing lab will then be able to determine if additional testing is necessary. Excuse the shameless plug but you might want to consider using our lab for this test. We DO reference testing for other labs in cases like this.

Answer: There is something that is not being said in your message. A court would not place an order for support into motion unless they had a reason. Generally, the alleged father has the right to respond. If he fails to respond then they can order him to pay for child support by default. In other words, he is named to be the legal father as opposed to being the biological father. Coincidently, in order for him to do a court admissible test without the mother, his name has to be on the birth certificate in order to comply with ASBB guidelines. If he manages to get a test ordered, it is highly probable that he will have to foot the bill.

Answer: First, this is the rsponse from our director--I will follow with my response: If you have evidence of the threats, go to the police. What you are describing is nothing less than blackmail. And without a paternity test, you have no way of knowing if the child is yours, if there even is a child (if she's in Jerusalem, how do you KNOW she's even pregnant?) MY RESPONSE IS THIS: To add to what our director is saying--You mentioned an organization--what is this organization--is it a child support collection agency? There are specific guidelines for handling child support overseas. I do not remember offhand if there is reciprocity between Israel and the United States. If there is, certain things have to happen (refer to my comments on Germany for information on international child support process). If this organization that she is a part of is NOT a part of the child support collection process, I suggest that you contact, at a local level, your police department as well as the Office of Homeland Security. Contact your congressman and retain the services of an attorney who can act in your interest. Lastly, if you feel that this government is NOT doing its part protect your life, seek the help of the US press. Good luck and we wish you well.

Answer: Lab's sometimes request that the mouths of babies be washed out to help reduce the chance of samples being contaminated by bacteria. Will breast feeding the baby alter the test results? It is doubtful

Answer: I think that you have clearly stated the problem. You signed papers without the opportunity for a test. Laws are changing constantly. While I cannot reccomend anyone to you directly, I do think that you should look for Men's groups that cover this particular problem. They are out there and are constantly watching the laws. Good luck.

Answer: If she decides to keep the child you should be aware that there is a reciprocity agreement between the United States and Germany. Chances are good that you will be asked, if she decides to file for support, to voluntarily pay child support for the child. If you do not cooperate then the German government could opt to file for help fromt he US government. They have to provide documents to our government in both English and in German. They have to file for help to a central registry in Washington DC. The central registry in Germany is the German Institue for Guardianship (Deutches Institut Fur Vormundshaftswesen). DC will process the paperwork on a federal level and then transfer the paperwork to the state level (California) who will then process the paperwork to conform to state requirements. The case is then transferred to you local DA/Family Support Divison who, under Federal and State law can enforce the German order. If they ask you for a paternity test they will request a blood sample. German courts do not yet recognize buccal swab technology. As for Custodial rights, you will need to discuss this with an attorney who is familiar with German law.

Answer: What you haven't told me is the age of the child, WHY he has to pay child support, and if someone ELSE"S name is on that certificate. Generally, changes to birth certificates must be made in a court of law. It is likely that he will be asked to prove paternity.

Answer: Interesting story. Termination of parental rights have to be decided in a court of law. There is no quick formula. You will need to have an attorney assist you who specializes in family law. It may be that the mother must voluntarily give up her rights.

Answer: I think you are grasping as straws. She slept with your 1st cousin-did she sleep with him at the time of the conception of the child? You could, for your own piece of mind, ask the first cousin to be tested at your expense. Unless you eliminate him as the father you will never be satisfied with your own test. As for the condom, condoms are not 100 percent so don't figure that into your argument. Eliminate that cousin.

Answer: The date of conception would have been somewhere between January 25th and February 8th. The blood types and the dates of conception really have nothing to do with each other. Blood typing to determine paternity is extremely weak as a test panel. Conception calculators can give only estimates--that is why I gave you a range as opposed to a date. You indicate that you had a paternity test. I am assuming that it was with the former brother--not the latter. I can only speculate that you were pregnant when you slept with the second fellow since conception dates are only estimates.

Answer: Thank you for alerting me--you can go to our website which is here and look for a product called QuickHIT. This is a downloadable paternity test kit which you can collect on yourself and the child today if you want. It is an extremely inexpensive kit and is easy to use. In answer to your question, yes--you CAN test without the mother--just write the words "not tested" on the mother's section and you are good to go. I hope this helps.

Answer: Well, I think the mediator has pretty much said it all. Your state views the legitimacy of "legal paternity" based on the signing of the birth certificate. Even if you manage to get the paternity test that DOES NOT mean that he will be declared the father and be afforded any rights. The birth certificate locks the boyfriend in as the father of the child with full legal rights. I would strongly advise that you you seek the help of an attorney (family law) who is more qualified to help you sort this out. Ironically, if the boyfriend breaks up with the mother she can go after him and receive child support. I do NOT think that signing a birth certificate without a paternity test (if there is an issue of paternity involving multiple men) is a bright idea.

Answer: The chances are good that the child's half brother (since that's what he is) will be excluded as the child's biological father. Perhaps the best thing to do would be for the biological father to be determined, and then go through legal channels to give up his parental rights. You could then apply for adoption status. However, DON'T DO ANYTHING WITHOUT CHECKING WITH AN ADOPTION ATTORNEY FIRST, IN THE COUNTRY WHERE THE KID IS LIVING.

Answer: Absolutely! This is the best way to test when someone is deceased. you will need a release from the next of kin and in some cases a medical examiner may insist upon a court order. The other ways to test are, of course, testing both paternal grandparents or testing any OTHER children that he might have for siblingship with the child in question.

Answer: The answer to your question is no. The deciding factor is whether he and the mother mutually agree to take a test OR he goes and seeks a court order for testing and the court rules that he can have one. If your boyfriend does NOT want the test then do NOT expect it to happen.

Answer: If there is really a situation like this and a sister goes after a brother for child suport--they will have a lot more to worry about then child supoort--incest is against the law and that means potential jail time--and I am convinced that the child would be taken away from the parents by the court. From a dna standpoint--yes we could tell the difference between the father and the son. As long as the lab knows the potential problem--the testing can concluded accurately by pursuing additional testing at the onset of the process.

Answer: You could just ask the father for a paternity test or you could ask sa brother or a sister for a sibling relationship study. This is what I suggest. I would not suggest relying on things like facial features since this means of identification is unreliable and will more then likely just elevate your current level of anxiety. I would also not accept the "two cents worth" of relatives. See if you can get a test.

Answer: Actually, this is an interesting question. In a situation like this, it is imperative that the lab be notfied of every detail prior to testing.

Answer: With today's advanced technology, it is no longer necessary to have the mother tested. Nowadays, an 80 percent would be absurd. That would leave a margin of error of 20 percent. A lab would just continue to test until an AABB acceptable result is rendered.

Answer: You COULD try consultng an atorney and see if a court order is possible but I suspect that might not be an option for you. Might I suggest that you do some research and find out if he has any children. If he does, then you should consider contacting them and seeing if they or ONE of them would be willing to do a sibling relatonship study. That would establish or dis-establish a biological relatinship between you and the suspected father. Good luck with your search.

Answer: You need to seek the advice of an attorney who can sort this out for you. You are saying that you were not responsible when you signed the b/c and that may be something that he can argue. It is generally not a simple matter for a layman (like myself) to effect a change to a birth certificate but you CAN do it yoursself (see other postings) but in your situation, I would advise the use of a qualified attorney.

Answer: I guess my first question is whether or not the brother had any OTHER children. If he did, then test that child or those children against the child in question. Blood types, in your case, are of no use because you are trying to discern an aunt/niece relationship. I would also like to ask if your parents (both grand parents) are alive.. If they are then they can be tested for grandparentage. It is possible to do an aunt/niece study but you need at least one grand parent AND the mother tested and there is no guarantee of the outcome.

Answer: FOLLOW UP TO A PREVIOUSLY POSTED QUESTION: You make a good point with this follow up question and the answer is BOTH. When you do a privately submitted sample there is no way to really validate a chain of custody so you are right it would be difficult to establish to whom the samples belong. Getting DNA from a pacifier is not impossible but it is not easy and is very expensive. Again, it is "hit or miss" as the lab CANNOT guarantee an extraction of the dna and here is another point: there is no guarantee that, once the DNA sample has been found and extracted, that it would be a good enough sample of dna to allow to lab to reach a conclusive result.

Answer: If both parents are O then you should type O as well. You may want to consider that the typing is incorrect. It has happened before. There is also the possibility that you were switched at birth--not so common here in the US but it happens--very common in other countries. If that is the case you, your mother AND your father would be innocent victims. You should periodically verify the blood types. Consider asking your parents to do one of our QuickHIT paternity tests. It is a downloadable "home test" and is VERY inexpensive. You can get it by clicking here

Answer: Whenever you do a motherless test, you cannot be sure the alleles that the child and the man share did not come from the mother. That uncertainty is allowed for by the fact that the paternity index values are lowered in the motherless test. The fact that the PI that was found with the locus D2S44 was relatively high indicates that the allele is rather rare and therefore less likely to be present in both the mother and the alleged father. The other paternity index values are reasonable for motherless results. The fact that "only" four tests were done is of relatively little concern here because the tested loci you indicated are RFLP loci, and therefore more variable in the population than the newer STR loci. There is nothing you can do to "eliminate" the likelihood of you and the mother sharing alleles. The best alternative is to have the lab do at least six, and preferably more (although six should be sufficient), loci in any repeat test you have done.

Answer: For the baby's sake you should plunge forward and do the test. You could have the doctor do a typing, I suppose but what would be the point? You are still going to get either bad news (he is not the father) or there is a slim chance that he is the father. You stil would end up doing a paternity test. Can you get the results without him knowing? He is entitled as a donor of the test specimen to his own copy of the report. Do not expect a doctor or a laboratory to risk a law suit by withholding a report from one of the testing parties. The answer is no.

Answer: Well, at least you can get a good sample from the father--here are my comments; pacifier--you could try it but a lab could not guarantee the results for you--it would be hit or miss. Hair with follicles--yes, you will need 60-80 follicles. Hair clippings--NO follicles--useless. Used Diapers--I suppose you could check the urine but it, too, would be hit or miss--feel free NOT to send that sample to us. Stay away from feces. A word about urine and feces--remember that these items are human byproducts and are hazardous wastes. Avoid these whenever possible. Fingernail clippings are pointless.

Answer: I suppose that you could and I have heard of a case where this happened-but not through us. We, as a rule, would not take this type of sample because the it has been collected and submitted on the sly.

Answer: You have to have the cooperation of your OB/GYN if you wish to determine paternity before the baby is born. The doctor has to extract a fetal sample from you in the form of either CVS OR Amniotic fluid. This is an invasive procedure and must be overseen by the physician. Do not be surprised if your physician does not want to do this. Paternity tests are not unlike drug tests: they are legal or legal-like by nature and physicians sometimes shy away from becoming involved in such tests. If that does happen in your case then consider asking him for a referral to a doctor who might consider taking the sample for you. Samples will also be taken from YOU(a mouth swab) and the alleged father (also a mouth swab). The lab that does the testing will have to supply a kit and assist you with collection arrangements as well.

Answer: First, this is a paternity testing forum and so I am not offering you legal advice. To me the extramarital affair aspect implies that this child will be born into the marrigage which means that there will, most likely, be a legal father(her husband) as opposed to a biological father. Talk to her about taking one of our discreet QuickHIT downloadable testing solution. You and her can do this privately and no one needs toknow but you and her. You can get the test kit by going to Fairfaxidlab.com. You just download the kit and you are ready to go. As far as challenging the paternity in court I strongly advise you to do this with an attorney in hand. I will be very surprised if the court allows you to take a court ordered paternity test. The QuickHIT solution is a home kit and so is not generally court admissible.

Answer: I have actually, but indiretly, experienced a similar situation with an ex-brother-in-law. He wanted to distance himself from financial responsibilities to his child and so he and his ex-wife agreed to him signing one of these waivers. They contacted an attorney and had it drawn up like a contract and did as much as possible to make it a legal document. He should involve an attorney at all stages of giving up his rights. He needs to also have a paternity test and establish himself as the actual biological father and really has rights to give up--again, involve an attorney. My understanding, again based on my sister-in-law's experience, is that these things are not always ironclad SO three things to do: 1--get a lawyer--2--get a paternity test--3--make sure that you are familiar thoroughly with how this process applies to your state laws.

Answer: Here is a website for you to go to: State Profiles. This is the federal site for child support and this portion is a comprehensive listing of each state's profiles. A map will come up--click on New Jersey.

Answer: I don't think this is funny at all. It is a sin and an injustice that the court system is denying you the right to investigate her claims. Take your questions to your congressman and see if they can help you. Elections are coming up and they might be verfy accomodating. If you went through an attorney the first time--get a second opinion. Someone is going to want proof that she is taunting him and so you had better have that element ready to present.

Answer: I know I am going to surprise everyone when I say you don't necessarily need an attorney for this one. It does have to be done in court so there are two places to check for procedure: Your state's Bureau of Vital Statistics and also try the clerk of the court's office where you will file. The clerks office will be able to tell you what forms you will need to file and how much the fees for filing will be.

Answer: Yes. An A+ and another A+ will yield either an A or an O. The Rh can be either positive or negative.

Answer: I don't think you can alter dna by having sex. You can always list him BUT he has to sign the birth certificate for it to be legal. You CAN wait until after the test has been done to sign the birth certificate--don't let he hospital pressure you into finishing paperwork until you have had the test. In order for you to receive child support you will have to file a claim with the state. Will they go after him if he is in college. Very likely.

Answer: Doubtful. Child is born into the marriage. Before you move forward with the test I would contact DA/FSD (District Attorney/Family Support Division) and just ask them. Paternity may be established legally through the marriage.

Answer: Home test kits are not court admissible so if he took it to a court of law it would not change things. Your husband did the test according to what I am reading--was it whinessed? Our home kits, for example, are treated as if they ARE court admissible so that you can be sure that the quality is the same. Even THEY are unlikely to be admissible in a court of law. One other thing, it sounds like there may be a court order for support in place. Even if he is NOT the father the court may NOT let him have the test. Consult with an attorney in your area for clarification on this point.

Answer: Huh? You indicate that you you had sex with two people, you had a paternity test but you give absolutely NO information about the test. I am left with the impression that you are unhappy with the results. Instead of conceptualizing about features, test the second man. If you HAVE tested both men the either accept the rsults OR re-test.

Answer: On all of your questions, it will depend on the laws in your state. Check with an attorney.

Answer: The blood types produced from this combination would be either an A or an O. The rh produced can be either posible OR negative.

Answer: The types produced by this combination would be A or O positive

Answer: The ONLY lab that I would care to reccomend in Canada is a company called Medigene in Calgary. I takes about 4-6 weeks to get results back on a sibling report. I will check your post again for an email address and I will send you a sibling test kit that you can do for about 400 dollars called QuickHit (Sibling Edition). It is a homestyle kit. Test yourself against the half sibling. The genetic question will be: It this sibling half or not related at all?

Answer: He can always request a test but I doubt if the court will grant it and if they do I am sure they will not cover the cost. 99.9 is extremely high. Instead of re-testing it would be better to eliminate any other potential fathers. That is a more common sense approach.

Answer: I can't really give you much advice on this--I would speak with your physician and see what his viewpoint is regarding this issue but, it seems to me, to be an more of a trust issue. Based on your former relationship with her is she someone who you would consider to be truthful?

Answer: First talk with the mother and see if she would be willing to submit to a paternity test. In this case, do not try to save a few bucks by doing a home test. You will need a court admissible test. If your fiance is NOT the father then you will need to see an attorney about the welfare issue. About that, the mother is probably not involved in this move by the state to collect money. Welfare benefits are kind of like a loan--SOMEONE has to pay the taxpayers back for its investment in the mother and father. You will need the attorney to take up this issue with the state.

Answer: A child can be tested as soon as the child is born. You need the consent of a guardian, parent or conservator to have a test--be it home kit or otherwise. Otherwise, you will need a court order.

Answer: This is all outdated technology, so I suspect that the test report is about 10 years old, perhaps 15. In addition, the probability of paternity is lower than what would normally be accepted today, which lends further credence to the idea that it's an old report. Mis-identifying the mother's race is careless on the lab's part, but from the standpoint of the conclusion, it doesn't matter. "Accuracy" is something that pertains to whether or not the genetic markers in the report are really the ones that the tested parties have. Without retesting, there's no way to answer that question. However, assuming that the individual test results that are shown on the report are in fact accurate reflections of the various phenotypes of the people tested, then the tested man cannot be excluded from paternity of the tested child.

Answer: He should not put up with this foolishness on her part. First, paternity needs to be established and in light of what you have told me at this forum, I would strongly suggest that you seek help with a family law attorney. He has rights but he must assert them AND he must prove this is his child. In light of her erratic history with your son and this other man, you both need a strong helmsman to steer you on a proper course of action. That helmsman will be a qualified attorney.

Answer: You could have had the baby tested at the 10th week of your pregnancy and you could have had the child tested on its first day in this world. It is ok to move forward with testing. The method is though a mouth collection commonly called a buccal swab. You can get the results in as little as 5-7 days. Go to paternitynet.com and check out our QuickHit test solution. It is very inexpensive.

Answer: That is an interesting question. My first reaction is say "yes, wait until the baby is born" but, understanding your dilemma, I can sympathize with your desire to put this to rest as quickly as possible. First, about prenatal testing: you have it between the 10th and the 22nd week of pregnancy. You have to do it with a doctor's approval AND the samples have to be extracted by a physician. Only the doctor should advise you of any potential risks. The samples extracted are CVS and Amniotic fluid. The procedure is invasive. And additional swab sample must be taken from you, as the mother, and the suspected father. You can expect a turnaround time of 21 days or greater. The other thing is the cost. Expect to pay between 1000 to 2000 dollars in out of pocket expenses. Now, with a test performed after the birth, expect to pay as low as 210 dollars for a home test or as much as 475 dollars for a court admissible version. Turnaround time: 5-7 business days. Bottom line: The decision is yours. Lastly, do not let the father pressure you into taking the prenatal test. It is your body and it is your choice. Good luck.

Answer: A 94 percent leaves a 6 percent margin of error. Reading the comments that you made, I would say that either one of the labs was wrong in there test, there is a third father that needs to be tested OR the chain of custody papers and the photographs and identification that was collected at the time of each test is incorrect. Someone is the father of that child and if these are the only tow then I would say some retesting needs to be done. I would retest the 94 percent guy and make sure you don't use the same labs. Use someone different.

Answer: There birth Certificate cannot be altered without the approval of a judge. Regarding rights, you need consult with a qualified attorney.

Answer: The key thing that you said her and I quote "More of his markers matched the babys than mine." That is a very telling comment--more of his markers matched but not all--that is why he was excluded. He has to match ALL of the markers to be the father of the child. Regarding the other possible father, you need to have him tested. You cannot assume that the lab has made a mistake until you test the second father. If the second father ocmes back as NOT the father as well, then you are left with two possiblities: There was a third man OR the lab was in error. IF there was not a third man and the lab could have been in error--you do not go back to the lab for a retest. You go to a different lab and confirm the test result. IF your boyfriend is excluded again, the the results are probably correct. IF the boyfriend is INCLUDED you will need to test with yet a third lab to see which of the first two is correct.

Answer: Again, we are a paternity laboratory and we cannot give you legal advice regarding this issue. You need to consult with an attorney who specializes in both family law and custody. I would suggest strongly that you discuss with the attorney about getting a order for paternity testing. IF he is the father of that child then he does have parental rights and the attorney can help assert them.

Answer: There is a 50 percent chance that you are the father and a 50 percent chance that you are not. Assuming that you are THE ONLY one who slept with her when the baby was conceived you would most certainly be included as the father--HOWEVER, the mother is saying that you were the ONLY one that she slept with. The results will either bear out her assertion OR it will raise the question that possibly there could be another potential father out there somewhere.

Answer: DNA molecular testing did not come about as a routine procedure until the very late 80's early 90'. At first,it was incorporated as an additonal panel in HLA testing so you would have a panel consisting typically of ABO, Rh, MnSs, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, HLA A, HLA B and then DNA. This "paneling" of the DNA helped integrate DNA as a molecular test into the paternity testing mainstream. Eventually, DNA became so powerful as a stand alone test that it was no longer necessary to incorporate the HLA test panels. HLA as a test was used primarily in the late 70's and 80's and was a serological procedure using blood only. Venapuncture was used a the collection method with heelsticks being used for infants under the age of 6 months. Difficult sticks (veins too difficult to puncture with a needle) would sometime reequire a handstick which was done on the back of the hand. It is quite painful as I had to have the handstick done once myself for some routine medical tests. Fingersticks (like those performed by diabetics) was also commonly used. Before the 70's the means of determining paternity was through ABO testing--the comparing of the various blood types common to the mother, child and the father. A famous case where paternity testing was performed using ONLY an ABO test was Charlie Chaplain which was performed back in the 1930's. You mentioned blood or urine. Blood would have been the sample of choice--urine can be used in dna testing but it is not preferred and is expensive to do. It would never have been used in 1959 do establish paternity.

Answer: Well first, if you think that you are going to be paying child support and you have a court, date then it would be wise for you to obtain the advice of an attorney. Another point: make absolutely SURE that you attend the hearing on the court date. DO NOT MISS IT! If you do not attend the judge could find youto be in contempt for not attending and you could be declared the legal father by default and any chance for a paternity test will be gone. You do NOT indicate whether or not you signed any papers such as paternity acknowledgement or the birth certificate. Make sure that you consult an attorny, you need one that practices family law. Another thing that you will want to cover with attorneys will be the issue of your rights as a father if you are names as such and must begin to pay child support.

Answer: Yes, the types produced from this union will be AB, B or B. The Rh can be EITHER a positive OR a negative.

Answer: This is a very good questions. You live in the state of New York which is has very strict Child Support policies. Before things get out of hand contact Family Court and ask to speak to the person who handles paternity testing and just ask them. If they say that "no" you cannot have the test, then conntact an attorney immediately and see if you can obtain an order for testing.

Answer: First, let me get prior probability out of the way. Prior probability simply means that PRIOR to the test there is a 50 percent chance that you are the father and there is a 50 percent chance that you are not. It is the starting point of the test. During the test, you results will gravitate toward the 99 percentile which means that you are the father or the test will gravitate to 0 which means that you are not. I do not think that strip malls will effect the outcome of your test nor will the cost. This is an extremely competitive industry and there are quality tests out there at very low rates. It is very rare to encounter a true false positive. To have a positive your dna must match. You indicated that you did the test without the mother which means that you were initially in total control of the test scenario. You had to have given the lab something that would have caused a match--in this case your dna sample. There is only a 0.2 percent chance that your results are incorrect. HOWEVER, I do not think that what I am saying here will convince you that you are the father of the child. I would suggest that you retest EVERYONE. That means getting the mother, you, the child, AND the two other suspect fathers tested. It may very well be the only way that you will be able to convince yourself as to the quality of the tests that you took. READERS: A RULE OF THUMB--IF YOU DO NOT LIKE OR AGREE WITH YOUR RESULTS--RETEST, RETEST, RETEST. In your case, variables need to be eliminated--those people who were not tested.

Answer: You're going to need the nameof the child. The simplest way to get it is to simply ask her. You could use a private detective I suppose but that seems to me like a lot of overkill. Once you have the name of the child you can do one of two things. Contact medical records in the hospital where the child was born and see if they will give it to you OR contact the Bureau of Vital Statistics who are charged with keeping record of all births in this country. At some point you will have to decide if a paternity test will be appropriate.

Answer: I am convinced that there must be a question in here somewhere so I am going to take a stab at this from a paternity standpoint. First, you and her are victims of circumstance and that is all there is to it. You both chose a "free" lifestyle and so must now deal with the consequences. Things happen. I am very disturbed about this "Alan" fellow. I have no idea who he is. NEVER GIVE OUT YOUR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER OVER THE PHONE in a pretest situation. It also sounds as if, from the very beginning of this episode, that you have had absolutely NO oontrol or say in how the paternity test will be handled. Your social security number is probably being used as a means to identify you but it makes no sense to me for you to give it to anyone until the day of the actual test when the identification process begins. Additionally, the choosing of the lab should be by mutual agreement. I suggest that you insist on picking the laboratory or, at the very least, insist that two lab be used to perform two test as a quality control measure. One other thing: ethical laboratories generally NEVER pass that kind of information back to your client so you need to have some written assurances that this kind of thing will not happen. Check to see if the lab is AABB certified and where the lab is actually based. Check with the Better Business Bureau and with your local DA/Family Affairs Division. Once you have learned WHERE the lab is located also check with Consumer Affairs for that region as well.

Answer: You can, starting at the 10th week and up to around the 24th week do a prenatal test but it is very expensive. Expect to spend around 2000 dollars. You also have to secure a physician to over see the extraction of the fetal and of course locate a dna laboratory to perform the test. You COULD wait until the child is born and test then with one of our home kits which is cheaper but still as accurate. You, of course, will need to test yourself and the other man.

Answer: THIS IS A CORRECTION AND FOLLOW UP TO A PREVIOUS QUESTION POSTED TODAY: february 7th through february 21st would be the correct period of conception. That makes more sense to me since you indicated that your last mense was on February 8. I read on your previous post November 6th and not November 16th. I hope this helps correct the confustion--Regarding the issue of whom to test first, I would, assuming that you are still with the current boyfriend, test the ex first just to quietly attempt to eliminate him from your card of possible fathers--kindest regards.

Answer: I had to chuckle when I read this because, as much as we all love the great state of California, they are definitely NOT the end all in quality dna testing. There are on two quality labs in California that I would even care to deal with and there is one, I believe in Washington state which is not bad--BUT for the record, the majority of paternity testing in this country is based on the East coast. If the lab that you used is the one that I think that it is then I am sure the results are fine. Now to your question: " Also, can you tell me if my husband and his brother were to have a dna test done could it tell if they have the same mother but different fathers?" The answer is yes--you can do a sibling relationship test to determine if they are whole or half siblings.

Answer: The only answer that I can give you at this time would be based on the projected due date. It sounds to me like the baby has been born and you are correct in deciding to move forward with a paternity test. The accuracy of my information is going to be totally dependent on the accuracy of the due date. Based on the information that you have provided, the conception range would fall between January 29th and February 12th. Again this is an approximation based on information that you have provided to Divorcenet. I hope this helps you to make your decision.

Answer: They could test either way actually. There are obvious advantages to having the mother tested but it is not absolutely necessary. Motherless calculations have become routine in this industry and dna technology makes the test powerful and highly conclusive. Having the mother tested is easier on the lab because the lab gets a complete picture of the dna received by the child from each parent. If you are available for testing then you should consider submitting your sample.

Answer: The compnay is NOT a phony but I do not know anything about them or their reputation. I knew a director (from another lab) who once said that "if you pay me, I will test anything" and that is something that you have to remember about paternity labs--this is a business. Most labs would not do this kind of test because it is expensive for the lab to perform and because the results can come out inconclusive. I guess that my questions is: "if the test was NOT inconclusive then why haven't they given you a result yet and why do they have to look at it again". I suspect that they may be having trouble coming up with a high enough calculation for a report OR if they believe that there is NOT relationship, they may be running the test a second time as a quality control check. You should have submitted your mother on the first round but it would have cost you some additional money. How did this man pass away--was there an autopsy performed? If he had any medical tests then are there samples still around? Look for parrafin blook specimens, blood, tissue, stain and fta cards, swabs and slides. Slides are not the best sample but that usually is an indication that there may be a block sample around somewhere. His next of kin will have to release the sample for use by a lab. You mentioned a mother of the deceased. Is the father of the deceased alive--if he is then make a solid effort to do a Grandparentage test. That would solve the problem right away. DID he have any other children by either yourself or another woman--check into this because you could do a sibling relationship study. Lastly, have his mother check his person items for either blood or hair (with roots--not clipped). You would be surprised what is lying around the house. Sometimes dna can be pulled from these items. Did you two correspond by mail or are there letters available to anyone that he might have sent. These items can be checked for dna from the saliva. Mind you, some of these examples are expensive to test so you might want to look around for competitive pricing but make sure that you use a laboratory, like Fairfax, who is certified for this type of testing--otherwise you may just end up spinning your wheels.

Answer: No I cannot. If this is really for your child's health, this is a dangerous way to go about determining someone's type. The simplest way to do this is to contact his next of kin and ask them to provide the blood type--as next of kin, they should be able to obtain the information from his physician.

Answer: There is only one way to do this: you need to have a physician's referral to perform this test. Go see your doctor and see if he will perform the procedure. If he wil not, then you will have to check with other doctors on your own.

Answer: The only test tht you can perform is a home collection kit which is NOT court admissible. For one that could establish your rights the test would need to be court admissible. You may want to consider consulting with an attorney to see if you can obtain a court order to compell her to take the test.

Answer: The result (97 percent) is an indication that a second test should be performed. There is a three percent chance that the test is wrong. That is not an acceptable number.

Answer: yes

Answer: Yes it is (see my previous answer). A biological relationship MAY give you the answer that you need. Look to pay 600 dollars or more for the test. It usually takes four to six weeks to complete such a test.

Answer: I cannot tell you how Queen's counsel would handle this. Here in the United States, you would most likely contact an estate attorney if this were an estate settlement issue and in some cases the attorney could get a court order for testing. Generally, the family members are contacted and a volumtarily agreement can take place and a test can be performed. So in answer to your question--yes--deceased samples can be used--you are going to need the permission of the next of kin--you will need to consult an attorney if you feel that a court order will be necessary.

Answer: They're not silent alleles but probably instances of her having two alleles of the same type. The industry standard is that, when only one allele is seen, to report that allele once, knowing that each person has two alleles at a locus but only reporting one in such cases, because that's all you can see. To put it more simply, if she had two alleles that were 18, rather than reporting as "18, 18," the report would just list "18."

Answer: It sounds like to me that you had a fetal cell separation testi performed. 1000 dollars is too much to pay for a test that has NOT yet been validated here in the United States. When the child is born, you should probably do a more reliable test that is valid in this country. By the way, the company that handled your test did NOT perform the procedure--the took the samples and sent them to Canada which means that I am doubtful that you will get your own copy of the test from the lab that actually did the testing. In the United States, ANYONE who is tested is entitled to a copy f the test results.

Answer: Go to fairfaxcryobank.com and click on the blood type predictor. It will calculate all of the combinations that are possible with you, the mother and the child.

Answer: Yes, you can go to Paternitynet.com and download our QuickHit downloadable test kit for paternity. The cost of the test is only 210 dollars. When you do the test, mark everywhere the mother's name appears as "NOT TESTED". This will indicate to the laboratory that you wish to have us perform a motherless calculation.

Answer: Genetic Design did not go out of business it was acquired from Genzyme Genetics by Laboratroy Corporation of America. Records would be held by Labcorp--you will not be able to do a DNA off of those samples however as samples are typically eliminated after 3-5 years of holding. The actual written HLA report will be absolutely useless in a DNA test. You will need to recollect all of the samples and retest.

Answer: Thank you for recognizing that we are only a lab. I do not know the total situation but I can tell you that you do need an attorney who practices in the state where the order for support has been established. I suspect that they may have made an attempt to contact you but failing to do so may have declare your parenthood by default OR the child was born into a marriage. Seek an attorney in the other state and they should be able to advise you as to how to proceed.

Answer: Giving up your rights is probably not something that you should discuss with a paternity laboratory. You have to consider that you and mother are in two separate states so the signing away of rights in one state may not be valid in the state of New York. You need an attorney to help you sort this out.

Answer: The hospital cannot pressure anyone into signing the birth certificate--check into this. The hospital needs to process its paperwork. you can have the test as soon as the baby is born--with Fairfax, who is also in Virginia, you can get the results back in 5-7 business days.

Answer: It is always a good idea to have all posssible fathers tested. However, this is not always possible. You can do the test without the brother but make sure you let the lab know beforehand about the situation. If you do then the lab will render for you a quality result. If the lab says yes, knowing what you have told them, then it should be ok. If you feel even the slightest doubt that the results may be incorrect then move forward and have your brother tested.

Answer: Do not look for insurance to cover a paternity test--especially one that is prenatal. You can look to spend around 2000 dollars in out of pocket expenses when you consider that not only do you pay for the test but you also pay for collection of the amnio sample--a collection which hss to be performed by a physician. You can do a test utilizing CVS samples at about the 10th week--same prices apply for this procedure as well and since it is also invasive the procedure requires a physician. Do not look for your OB/GYN to want to do this. You may have to look around to find a doctor who will perform the procedure and take up the additional responsibility of doing the chain of custody which are so important for these tests.

Answer: Unless they are true identical twins, a paternity test WILL be able to determine the paternity of the father.

Answer: You need legal counsel on this I am afraid. I will suggest that you check out the grandparent board here at divorcenet and the adoption board as well.

Answer: in your situation I would just do a homekit. You can obtain one over at paternitynet.com.

Answer: you have to have a lawyer draw up documents to sign away your rights. Child support obligations are up to the court.

Answer: No, if you are found to NOT be the father of the child you will have to go to court and ask for the change on the birth certificate. Decisions on child support payment will remain at the discretion of the courts.

Answer: It is not uncommon for testing to be conducted with parties in different locations. You can do such a test through fairfax by contacting us at 800-482-3025.

Answer: I cannot comment on the circumstances of the actual collection of the sample nor on the testing itself. I doubt if there were any conspiracies. I will say that if the test really was 96 percent then there is only a 4 percent chance that he is not the father. Nowadays, you can expect a 99 percent or better with a dna test. You may want to consider retesting if you are uncomfortable with the test.

Answer: Actually, I can answer this kind of question for you. The information is not matched up by using the birth certificate--the lab will go by whatever the paperwork says that comes in. Labs are extremely dependent on those who collect the samples. The caseworker can either give you the results on the phone OR they can mail you the results. If you are not satisfied with how you received the results the best thing for you to do is to contact the lab and ask them to send you your copy of the report. You are entitled to a copy of the report if you are tested. If the lab refused then serve them with a court order that says they are compelled to turn over that information to you. MAKE SURE THAT THE ORDER SAYS THAT THEY ARE TO TURN OVER ALL INFORMATION REGARDING THE TEST--NOT JUST THE REPORT ITSELF.--this way you can seek the help of a consultant. It is your right. I am not sure that you actually have a case to fight but you will never know until you get the data in your hand to examine. Good luck.

Answer: yes. 10 weeks with a doctor's approval. Look to spend close to 2000 dollars on the test.

Answer: I cannot answer that question with a blood type- it would be reckless to suggest the possibly of your siblingship based on blood types alone. Regarding the blood type, the sister should be either an A or an O. I have no idea what a "0 subtype thing" is. You may want to consider getting with the sister and having a sibling test performed. You can get one of our QuickHit Sibling Edition tests over at paternitynet.com. The cost is only 400 dollars. Good luck.

Answer: The ex-boyfriend sounds like he is trying to intimidate the mother in order to get her to back off the fight for custody of the first child. If you do not have an attorney you need to get one so that he can advise you on things like these. He cannot take the child unless the mother allows him to take the child for the test or if he steals the child--perish the thought. Regarding rights, again check with an attorney and how rights apply to your state. If you believe that this child may be yours, then you should move forward and have the test performed yourself just to get that issue out of the way. You could have a home kit which we sell at paternitynet.com but in this case I would urge you to consider a more court ready solution which you can obtain at fairfaxidlab.com. Best wishes.

Answer: If you ae not interested in court admissibility but in just finding out if or if not this man is your son's father, you could obtain one of our home kits from paternitynet.com--the kit is free and downloadable-it is also only 210 dollars. As for the birth certificate--there is no "automatic"--birth certificates must be changed in a court of law.

Answer: His parents did the test. If they did a home kit then it is a curiousity test and will not hold up in a court of law. If they presented some sort of documentation that indicated the parenthood of the father (a birth certificate bearing the tester's name as the father)then the laboratory will generally allow the test and it could be accepted in a court of law. Laboratories cannot assume that every client is lying in order to get a test so they will try to collect documentation before allowing the test to take place. This, as said before, may be something as simple as a birth certificate bearing the requester's name as the father of the child OR it may be a more complicated document know as a consent and indemnity agreement. Keep in mind that, as a guardian, of the child you are entitled to a copy of the results DIRECTLY from the lab. Do not bank on the validity of the test until you have your own official copy from the laboratory. If the laboratory refuses to give you a copy then you can obtain a court order demanding the release of the report. They will be forced to comply. Good luck.

Answer: No, you cannot change the birth certificate--only a judge in a court of law can alter this document. I would suggest, considering your circumstance, that you both contact an attorney, get sound legal advice and take this matter to court.

Answer: Insurance does not cover paternity testing. Paternity testing is not a medical test--it is a legal test not unlike a drug test. Also, there is no CPT code to cover paternity testing. Where can it be done. Contact Hope Wehr at 800-269-4822 and she will help you set up your test.

Answer: Actually, just a regular paternity test will do--but you will need to make sure that the lab knows that this man is your uncle. You can use our extremely inexpensive home kit called QuickHit which you can download over at paternitynet.com Good luck.

Answer: Based on the due date that you gave me, conception would have happened somewhere between October 17th and October 31st. Again, based on the information that you have provided the odds of the child being your husband's is 50/50. As far as paternity testing, I do not recommend fetal cell replacement as it has not yet been validated in this country. You can have a paternity test at 10 weeks by doing a prenatal test involving the collection of a CVS sample. You will need ONE of the fathers so you will have to confide in one of them.

Answer: You have posted this question once before only I seem to recall that it was eleven years instead of 12. Once a sample is collected at the draw site (this is where most switches occur by the way) the samples are overnited to the testing laboratory. The laboratory accessions in the samples and assigns it a specimen number. All of the information is stored in a computer. The sample is then placed in storage or is immediately tested--depending on whether or not ALL of the samples being used in the test have been received. Honestly, I am surprised that there would be a mix up since most since almost ALL labs have safeguards in place to prevent such things from happening. You want me to explain how this could have happened. In your case, I have no real answer since I do not know every single detail of how this particular case was performed. Your best bet is to backtrack every single detail from the lab back to the collection point and see if you can find the defining moment where you believe the mix up happened.

Answer: Yes, but the collection of the fetal sample must be performed by a physician. The procedure is expensive but can be performed btween the 10th and the 22nd week of her pregnancy. Step one would be to first arrange for the ocllection with the doctor. Call us at 1-800--482-3025 and let us know the appointment date. Once we have made account arrangements with you we will send a test kit to the doctor--make sure he understands that he has to use the test kit and that the samples are being collected for paternity. See if he will collect swab samples for us from the mother and the father--if not we will arrange for those samples to be collected elsewhere. He then sends the test to us and we perform the test.

Answer: Blood that is is transfused into the bloodstream usually takes around 90 days to circulate throught the body. No. It does not change the DNA.

Answer: Again, folks--this is a laboratory--we are not attorneys but if you read the Federal OCSE state profiles you will see that in order for paternity to be legally established a paternity aknowledgement has to be be signed. This usually locks in paternity. Consult with a qualified Virginia attorney regarding whether or not a dna test can, in fact, overturn that document.

Answer: That is actually a very interesting question. It will depend on the Judge. First consider that your husband is in default and that there is a chance that the paternity request will be denied. If the Judge grants your test he will do one of several things: 1. order that the state pay for the test (taxpayers) 2. Order your husband to pay for the test 3. Order the mother to pay for the test 4. Order that the husband and the mother split the cost of the test. NOW this is important--it is entirely up to the judge so here, in this forum, it would be cavalier to second guess a judge. You are smart to engage the services of an attorney in light of the fact that paternity has already been established by the default judgement.

Answer: We answer questions regarding paternity testing. I cannot advise you regarding all of the laws in West Virginia. I suggest you seek the advise of an attorney. Thanks.

Answer: What you are describing sounds fine as far as the test is concern. DO NOT re-test the father until you have tested any other potential fathers have had their test. It is pointless for your husband to be re-tested until the other man has been eliminated.

Answer: This question cannot be answered in this forum. You need to consult with an attorney.

Answer: The child was born into the marriage and so the LEGAL father is the husband. You may be 100 percent sure that he is not the father but you are going to have to prove that what you claim is true. You need to test either the husband OR the lover. One or the other. You should consult with a family law attorney regarding your husbands rights.

Answer: There are some laboratories that allege to be able to judge an individual's "racial" background. I'm not sure how accurate any of the testing is that supposedly can do that, because I don't know of any genetic markers that are specific to any particular racial or ethnic group. Some characteristics may be more common in one than in another, but I am not aware of any particular marker that is present solely in one racial or ethnic group and not in any other one. Human populations move around, always have, always will, and they carry their genes with them when they do. Historically, when a population moves into a new geographic area, they don't usually (there are exceptions) completely exterminate the groups already there. They usually interbreed, and the genetic makeup of the descendants is a mixture of the two original groups.

Answer: That is very interesting--she refiled the case through a different jurisdiction. I would do two things--contact the attorney general's office where the test excluding you was handled and find out EXACTLY what the policy is on this and why she was allowed to refile. I would also contact a private attorney and find out what your civil rights are regarding this issue--if the court accepted the first test then it should be ok. Keep in mind that the attorney may insist on a second confirmatory test in order to validate the outcome of the first test. Do not be alarmed if he does want you to have a second test--this is a routine procedure.

Answer: you don't say "8 out of how many" so this is hard to answer. But if you had a standard STR test done by a credible lab, there should have been at least 6 loci tested, probably more. That means that you and the guy had 12 alleles at those 6 loci. The STR loci are less variable from person to person than the alleles in RFLP are, and some of those are very common in the population, so finding two unrelated people that share a number of alleles is not unusual. It's when they share at ALL loci that there is evidence of a relationship, and if they share but know that they're unrelated, something unusual is going on.

Answer: Very interesting but I have no clue--I would suggest that you seek counsel from an attorney to discover what this all means.

Answer: The child wiuld be an A or B. It is always possible for a mistype to occur. If you thing that this is the case then you should have your daughter re-typed at least twice by two different services so that you can get a reliable confirmation. Any hospital blood bank as well as the American Red Cross can perform a type for you.

Answer: Good question but radiation altering dna is the stuff of Science Fiction of the 1950s American and Japan when the fear of nuclear attach ranked right up there with being infiltrated by the communists. You probably have nothing to worry about if a swab test was performed. Have you tested all of the potential fathers. That would be your first test. Otherwise you need to test again using a different lab and test using court admissible procedures so that the collection of the samples can be properly monitored.

Answer: I am assuming that you thought you were the father of the child and that you also had slept with her at the time of conception. Quit chasing after him and have yourself and her and the child tested. If the child is not your's then the mother should file for child support with the state and let the state handle the details of things like collection and child support. I have no idea what a "dshs" is but I am assuming that is an agency.

Answer: Hair--with roots--ok, hair clippings--NOT good--finger nails--forget it.

Answer: To claim rights to an estate you will need to contact an estate attorney who can properly advise you of what you can and cannot do. Paternity testing can be performed using deceased samples, BOTH parents of the father (paternal grandparents) or a child can be tested against potential siblings.

Answer: Termination of rights is not a DIY issue. IF he is the father of the child then he has rights--in order for him to dis-establish paternity he will have to have a paternity test and then you take the results to an attorney who can then properly advise you on parental rights. If he "wants nothing to do with the child" and he is just walking away saying that he is terminating his rights--it is NOT,in fact termination--it is desertion. Get a paternity test performed. If he refuses to cooperate, then file for child support with the state and let him deal with them.

Answer: I see the paragraph got cut off in mid sentence. I think that you have very efficiently argued FOR paternity testing. You did not indicate whether or NOT you tested BOTH men. You need to test both-- otherwise, if you have performed three home kits on the same father, then you are beating a dead horse.

Answer: I am curious as to why she only wants the home test and, in this instance, I would probably want to be there for the test if I were you. About home kits, I cannot speak for other labs but we require a witness and photographs so that the integrity of the test is not sacrificed. The home test cannot be used in court if he is found to be the father. I would insist on a legal test in this case IF the child is a minor. Give the dad a choice of either a private legal test or a court ordered public one. Take control.

Answer: If the result said "NOT Excluded" that means that he IS the father of the child. However, I am disturbed that the results do not give a percentage. Did you get your copy of the results from the lab or from someone else--please contact me on this.

Answer: Generally, and I cannot emphasize how much you need to consult with an attorney to see how this applies with your state, if the child is born into the marriage then the legal father would be your husband. Regarding the signing of the birth certificate, I would hold off having your boyfriend placing his mark on that birth certificate until you have had a paternity test AND you have taken the results to a family law attorny.

Answer: You are reading the report incorrectly. There should be TWO numbers > for each person tested. I will bet that you are reading the first > line off of the reports, and on one the numbers are in a different order > than on the others. OK, I just re-read the question, and what I said earlier is exactly what you are doing. what confused me is your saying that there was a number for "test 1" and another for "test 2". In fact, the report needs to be read as D1S7/ 6.22 HaeIII 4.84 for the father tested with each child. Whether the 6.22 is listed on top, or the 4.84, doesn't matter.

Answer: Let me start off by saying that Fairfax Identity Laboratories sells home kits. Ours are different in that we demand the same chain of evidence that you would certainly expect from a court admissible DNA test. NOT ALL LABS live up to that standard--regardless of whether or not they are AABB certified. Home kits are only as legitimate as the lab's reputation. You indicated a very strong inclusion--I would tend to think that if the test were sloppily or fraudulenly performed that the father would have been EXCLUDED not INCLUDED. I would talk to your daughter and see how she would feel about performing a second test in a more formal atmosphere. Regarding the man's wife--The child is 33 years old--she is an adult. The issue is between the adult child and the father. This is none of his wife's business so I will tell you to have the confirmation test but NOT one that the wife has say over--it should be ONLY a lab that the father and the child mutually agree to use.

Answer: I don't think I am going to give you a satisfactory answer here--keep in mind that the calculation I performed was based on your due date and that, in itself, is only an approximation. If your due date is May 8th then conception would have happened somewhere between July 31st and August 16th. I strongly suggest that when that child is born that you have a paternity test performed.

Answer: Manic Depression does not necessarily impede the ability of a man to help conceive. As to your second question, You can do a grand parentage test to establish the identity of the grand parents--you can work from autopsy samples (I know you said no samples are available but double check)--and if he had any other children they could be tested against the child in question for a sibling relationship.

Answer: Grand parentage only identifies the grand parents. It does not establish the identity of the father--ONLY that one of the grand parents children is the father of the child.

Answer: If you go to divorcenet.com you will both a board for grandparents and a board for custody. This is a laboratory board and we cannot answer this type of question here. Try there--I feel confident that someone will be able to assist you. Good Luck.

Answer: you have neglected to provide your type but you have provided both types of the parents. The man does not necessarily determine what type you will get as the child--your type can come from either the father OR the mother. Regarding Rh, a positive and a negative will yield EITHER a positive OR a negative Rh.

Answer: there are race databases that are compiled over time by each lab. In order for a database to be useful to a laboratory, it has to be statistically verified by a certified statistician. Race is only taken into consideration when a man has been included as the father of the child. It is not necessary to use the database when he is excluded. Here is an interesting note: the man has to be determined to be the father for the race calculation to be performed. If a man is white, for example, but is calculated as a black man the variance in the calculation would only differ slightly--he would still be the father. The racial databases serve to enhance the accuracy of the test.

Answer: I am not going to comment on your speculations. Next of kin can authorize a test. That would be the wife. Testing can come from sibling comparisons of any other children he may have fathered, BOTH grandparents in a grandparentage study or from deceased samples as a result of an autopsy or exhumation. Again, with the mother's consent as guardian of the child and as next of kin.

Answer: I am assuming that if he is having a hard time getting a DNA test it is because he signed the birth certificate. First, get yourself a family support attorney who can properly advise you on his legal rights. He signed the birth certificate and if that means he is the legal father in your state then he will be entitled to paternal rights. In the meantime, trying to establish paternity should be a priority. For the time being, consider a home test kit. They are inexpensive, accurate and yield quick results. You can download our test kit at paternitynet.com. It will answer that nagging paternity question for you and may give the attorney something tangible with which to work.

Answer: Stick you your guns on this one. Although I am sure that somerwhere out there a court ordered a prenatal test I have yet to hear of one myself. I would not worry about him forcing you to take the test at this time. A prenatal test has to be formed with the consent and assistance of a physician. The procedure is invasive and it is extremely expensive as well.

Answer: Your question is vague at best but I will attempt to give you, at least, some comments. First, paternity can be established two ways: by the use of non scientific evidence or by scientific evidence (the dna test for example). You say that paternity was never established--do you mean he never had a paternity test? Did he SIGN anything that could be considered an establishment of paternity? The child having the last name of this man does NOT establish paternity. She could have given him the last name of Presley but that would NOT have established Elvis as the father of the child. Obvviously, as you have said, he needs to either establish or disestablish his parentage in this situation. I would suggest a first step which is a consultation with an acomplished lawyer. He will have to sit down and make sure that attorney has EVERY piece of information regarding the man's problem. The attorney may suggest a paternity test in which case either the test is performed voluntarily or with a court order. I hope this helps.

Answer: paternity can be determined at the 10th week of pregnancy with your doctor's approval.

Answer: I cannot advise you on paternity issues and the law--only on laboratory testing and its issues. You need to consult with a qualified attorney in Oregon who can properly advise you. I am surprised that you did not ask the state about the possibility of a paternity test at the time of the child's birth. DO contact an Oregon attorney and determine exactly what steps you can take.

Answer: Based on the due date that you have provided, conception would have occured between April 9th and April 23rd. Let me caution you that these types of calculations are aproximations based on information that you have provided. You really should do paternity testing to settle this once and for all--you can get a really inexpensive paternty test over at paternitynet.com that should suit this purpose.

Answer: To get your test started call 800-234-2528. The Florida agent there will help you get everything set up and can advise you on the handling of the tissue sample that you have collected. MAKE SURE YOU TELL HER WHY YOU NEED THE TEST. Secondly, contact the State Bureau of Vital Statistics and make sure that you are clear on what it is EXACTLY that you need to get that name placed on the birth cerficiate. You do not want to pay for a test and then find out the Bureau will not take the result on some technicality. Get your ducks in a row before proceeding.

Answer: It is not likely that any lab would get a meaningful result if trying to do this kind of test. If that is true for first cousin testing, it is even truer for second and third cousin relationships: difficult to impossible.

Answer: There are many ways to falsify a test but understand that I am not going to post information of that nature. If you have not had a test, then have one. If you have taken the test already, then take a second one to confirm the results if you suspect foul play.

Answer: I cannot tell you much by weight but I can calculate the date of conception for you based on the child's birth date. The child would have been conceived between December 21st and January 5th. It is relatively simple to coordinate a test. She can have a doctor collect her samples on a test kit and you can have your's tested over in asia by the same method.

Answer: ONLY Contract Paternity tests are a matter of public record or cases that have been ordered by the court--Private paternity and home test kits are not so depending upon what type of test was performed it may or may not be a matter of public record. You have to check with the Clerk of Courts office for their policies on obtaining those records. NOW, one other thing, if a test was performed by a state and is in the public record, do NOT expect a laboratory to release that information to you. You can only get it from the state--NO ONE else.

Answer: I am sorry to hear about your husband. Your 18 year old is no longer a minor and so you cannot collect and use samples without her ocnsent. As for a paternity test--we have a home test kit over at paternitynet.com that you can download and use. Just follow the directions. The cost of the test is 210 dollars. It is every bit as accurate as a test that would be used in a court of law. It only takes 5-7 business days to get the results back from our laboratory.

Answer: If you go through the posts on this site, you will find most of the answers that you seek regarding scientific evidence--which brings me to something that you seem to have not considered: out of all of those other men who could, if tested, be the father, how many of them slept with the mother? With paternity testing, there are two types of evidence to consider: Social and Scientific. Scientific evidence would be the paternity test--the conclusion that you are the father has been determined by scientific means. As you correctly point out, this is certainly NOT enough. The paternity test must be compounded with sccial evidence--simply put: who slept with this woman at the time of conception? Anyone was NOT with her at the time of conception BUT fall into an included category via dna testing cannot reasonably be considered to be the father of the child because there WAS NO SOCIAL (physical or otherwise) CONTACT WITH THE MOTHER. So we know that you were with her--who else? Test that person or those people and you wil find that the scientific test as performed by the lab you mentioned (a lab that is very reliable and is one of the oldest labs out there) is sound. If you still have doubts about the results of your test then you should re-test and confirm these results. Don't tear yourself up obsessing over statistic and probabilites when there is a simpler solution.

Answer: it is best that you take this question up with an estate attorney but a 30 year could lay claim to an estate and if proof is needed a paternity test could be performed. Again, it is a legal matter which should be discussed in detail with an estate attorney.

Answer: The courts have no way to validate your fiance's claims. Extended testing is usually performed at the request of the laboratory if they feel that it is warranted. The welfare department can notify the lab but it does not guarantee he will get the extra testing. The alternative is to request that your fiance' be allowed to conduct a private confirmatory test which he can pay for himself. The lab will probably charge exta for the additional testing so he should be prepared to pay for that as well Once more thing--contract testing by the state is cheaper because the lab is giving the state a volume discount. Do NOT expect to get the same rates as the state.

Answer: I believe that I posted an answer for this question earlier but I will elaborate. First, they do not have labs that conduct the testing in the United States--the samples are collected by resellers here in the US and then shipped to Canada for analysis. There is absolutely nothing wrong with that. I will not comment on the accuracy of this test because, as I said before, it has not been validated by the AABB for use in this country and it is not currently a court admissible procedure in this country. Getting the results over the telephone is not the way we do business either. The only other way you can do a test and it IS accurate is to have either a CVS or Amnio sample taken with the approval of a physician. Those samples are then forwarded to an AABB lab for processing. Finally, the best and most non-invasive way to go about this is to simple wait for the child to be born.

Answer: You cannot seriously expect me to tell you anything about a test by just showing me the ratio? You need to be more detailed--name of the lab and the report (in its entirety).

Answer: I take it he had a prenatal test judging from your comments. The fetal cell test that you are describing is not one that has been validated here in the United States so do not look to use it in court. I have never been clear as to whether or not it is validated in Canada or it is just the company that sells the product who has done the validation. I DO NOT like the fact that you received your results over the telephone. Does this mean that you should have another test? It is your call. The husband has a low sperm count but that doesn't mean that he could not get someone pregnant. I will say this to you--do not re-test--have the husband tested and get him out of the way before you jump to conclusions about the first test.

Answer: They are the designations of genetic loci at which are present short repeat regions of nucleotide sequences. The numbers of repeats at each of the loci differs from person to person, which is how individuals can be distinguished from one another. The loci which begin with the letter D (for example, D21S11) are simply scientific abbreviations for the chromosome on which the repeats have been identified (D21 is chromosome number 21). The other two are characterized genes close to where the repeats can be found (example: TH01 is a gene for an enzyme called tyrosine hydroxylase).

Answer: the child would have been conceived between May 12th and May 26th.

Answer: The collection procedure for a prenatal paternity test must be first approved by a physician. The sample will either be CVS (10-13 weeks) or Amniotic(14-20 weeks). Once the doctor has agreed to take the sample you call 1-800-482-3025 to pay for the test and to have our lab send a test kit to the doctor. If the doctor will collect your fetal sample but NOT your and the father's mouth sample then we arrange for you and the father to be collected at another facility OR you can opt to have your and the father's sample collected in a non-court admissible home test kit(HIT).

Answer: conception of the child would have happened between February 5th to February 17th. You should move forward and have a paternity test.

Answer: This is actually an interesting problem. We cannot refer you to a particular doctor. You may want to show my comments from this board and our information on our website to your doctor and ask him to give you a referral to someone who will do the collection. Otherwise, you wil hve to pull out the phone book and make some calls--oh, you can also contact the local university medical centers, ask for the genetics department and talk to the genetic couselors that work there--they may be able to help you. Now, you are NOT looking for them to perform the test--you want them to perform the collection of the sample ONLY. Once you have found the doctor who will do the collection call me at 800-482-3025 and I will set up the paternity test for you. We will have to send the collector one of our test kits.

Answer: Once a sample is collected at the draw site (this is where most switches occur by the way) the samples are overnited to the testing laboratory. The laboratory accessions in the samples and assigns it a specimen number. All of the information is stored in a computer. The sample is then placed in storage or is immediately tested--depending on whether or not ALL of the samples being used in the test have been received. Honestly, I am surprised that there would be a mix up since most since almost ALL labs have safeguards in place to prevent such things from happening.

Answer: I would say NOT to listen to your friends because every "pregnant experience" is different. See if your girlfriend will let you speak to the doctor so that you can voice your concerns and get any nagging suspicions out of your head.

Answer: Did you order one of those "free" test kits but didn't like the price of the actual test? Collect your samples anyway, and send them to Fairfax Identity Laboratories. Fairfax Identity Laboratories (we are now accepting home kits from other labs) will perform your test on samples collected with another lab's kit. For details and to get started call 800-482-3025

Answer: yo can obtain a free downloadable sibling kit for testing from paternitynet.com. The price for the test is listed when you obtain the kit.

Answer: For its time, this was considered to be state of the art. Now the test is all but obsolete. DNA is a more precise way of determining paternity and in some instances I have seen it overturn previous HLA results.

Answer: no--10 weeks.

Answer: I cannot comment on the chance of the half brother. In order for the husband to have any chance of percentage he would have to match ALL of he alleles. In his case, I can speculate that he had a o match on at least two or three alleles.

Answer: The blood type will come from EITHER the mother or the faher.

Answer: The children may well NOT look as much alike as you might think. While you and your sister carry the same genetic information, and each of the guys has the same genetic information as the other one, each of you is diploid, that is, you each carry two, most likely different, copies, or alleles, for each genetic trait. For example, let's say that you carry the alleles "A" and "a" for a certain trait (whatever it might be). When you make eggs in your ovaries, the two alleles separate from each other. One of your eggs that gets fertilized may get the "A" allele, while your sister's egg may get the "a." So the two of you could produce eggs that are different for this single trait. Multiply this situation for each of the thousands of genes that each of you has, and it is rather unlikely that each of you would produce two eggs that are very similar. The same thing applies for the sperm cells produced by the guys; it's unlikely that any two sperm from the two of them will be identical or even very similar. When two eggs, one from each of you, is fertilized by sperm from the guys, the two resulting babies are likely to very different indeed.

Answer: conception would have happened somewhere between the 13th and 27th of May.

Answer: If the children are NOT identical there is always an astromically thin chance--it is very rare to happen.

Answer: you haven't really given me any information to work with except an overdue birth day--SO--if I calculate from the date YOU gave me the conception would have happened somewhere between November 19th and December 3rd. If I calculate from August 1st conception could have happened somewhere between October 25th and November 8th.

Answer: yes

Answer: if you are referring to home kits we do not sell them--the kits are free and downloadable immediately at Paternitynet.com. You do have to pay for the test of course but you send in the money when you send in your test kit.

Answer: No. They would produce either an A or an o but not an AB. ABO is not a sound way to determine paternity--because dna tests at a molecular level testing is more reliable.

Answer: If you have a sample to be tested go to the new Paternity net.com and download our new infidelity test kit called PPS. If you have any questions call me at 800-482-3025.

Answer: the hair clippings are useless. If his parents are alive you could test them OR if he had children you could do a sibling relationship study.

Answer: Assuming that you have provided ALL the information, then the answer would be yes

Answer: no

Answer: you can't--not really--you would be hard pressed to explain fingerprints and photographs not to mention the rest of the ID process.

Answer: not much I am afraid. We typically will not touch a prenatal sample collection after 20 weeks. At this point you should probably just wait until the baby is born.

Answer: there are already two exclusions--a dna test will likely find more and >re-enforce the first test.

Answer: we cannot advise you on the legal aspects of your situation but you should move forward with having a paternity test. At the least, you might be able to get benefits through social security (check this with an attorney) and if he passes away, a paternity test will establish you as a legitimate heir. By the way, if no child support was paid because he left before you were born then someone did not do their job. He did NOT have to be around to support you.

Answer: I have no idea what your question is because you stopped in mid sentence but I will make a comment anyway. Wait until the baby is born--do not risk a second prenatal test. You can do that test cheaply as soon as the child is born. You can contact me at 800-482-3025 if you have any further questions.

Answer: He proably will have to continue to pay for the child since he signed all those papers. I will say this to you: for the sake of that child's medical history you should move forward and have this child tested against the man you thank may be the child or at least test him against your ex husband.

Answer: If you go to paternitynet.com you will find that we actually have a downloadable test kit that you can use for sibling relationship studies. This would be perfect for you. The cost of the test is 400 dollars. We try to keep our tests in the 90 percentile and it will determine whether you ARE or ARE NOT related.

Answer: that is a good question--If you go to paternitynet.com the new spin-off of divorcenet.com we have place a "blood type calculator that you can use and see for yourself.

Answer: Actually, there are several ways: If he had other children, then test the child in question to see if a sibling relationship exists. We have a test kit for this that you can download over at Paternitynet.com. You can also test BOTH grandparents for grand parentage. Again, we have a downloadable test kit available at Paternitynet.com for you to use for just this purpose. Lastly, how did he die?--was he autopsied? If he was, then contact the medical examiner to see if there are samples available that can be used for testing. Look for swabs, blood, tissue, or cards. I hope this helps.

Answer: To be the mother of the child the DNA of the child HAS to match the DNA of the mother. To be the father of the child, the DNA of the child has to match the DNA of the father.

Answer: No. This should not affect the test.

Answer: No. This should not affect the test.

Answer: You would need a paternity test from one of the fathers to tell. Commenting on things like mannerism and skiin color would be highly speculative.

Answer: One has nothing to do with the other--a patenity test would still be conclusive.

Answer: If you had sex with someone and did NOT use protection you can still get pregnant--your "cherry" has nothing to do with it.

Answer: No. You willneed a paternity test to establish paternity--you need to see an attorney immediately since there is a good chance this child willl be born into the marriage (depending on how long the divorce process will take). Don't put this off. I doubt you could get a court ordered paternity test at this point in time. Two points of contact: consult with JAG for the benefits issue and a civil attorney for the divorce issue. Good luck.

Answer: Do guys use vibrators? Well it depends on the guy I guess--as inventive as the human mind tends to be I am sure they could find a way. As for your period, if you have never had sex then you could rule out pregnancy and just chalk it up to 14 year old hormonal activity.

Answer: You should probably consider hiring a private eye to do some research for you. As to testing, if he has any other known children you could do a sibling study. If BOTH his parents are alive you could do a grand parentage study.

Answer: It will depend upon the state so you need to check your state laws--for example in Virginia, if he signed the birth certificate but NOT paternity papers then he could ask for the tests. In other states, this is NOT true.

Answer: If he is the biological parent he could fight for custody (confirm this with a qualified attorney). Yes, you will have to pay for the test.

Answer: I cannot advise you on your legal rights but I will say that it is difficult to obtain a court order in this type of situation. You need to think outside the box in a situation like this: does he have any other child. If he does, see if they would be willing to do the test and have a sibling relationship study performed by a competent laboratory.

Answer: Well, there are several ways--you could work with a deceased sample if the father was autopsied but you will need permission form the father's next of kin and MAYBE a court order to release the samples. The second way is to test BOTH paternal grandparents--you will,it should go without saying,need their permission. It is unlikely that you would be able to compell them and the third way is a sibling relationship study if the deceased father has any known children. Hope this helps.

Answer: No reputable lab would do your test. It is unethical to use someone's sample without their permission--if you do find an lab to perform this rather dubious test just remember that there could be legal complications if the father finds out that you used his sample without his permission. Consult an attorney before you proceed with your plan.

Answer: There is one key point here that you are not actually coming out to say: that you slept with her doing the time of conception. BUT--when you say that there was no penetration you are implying that you did have sex with her. Even though you may have performed some sort of "coitus interuptus"(withdrawing at the point of ejaculation) you still could have gotten her pregnant. The fact that the other man was tested and excluded serves to validate and to confirm the conclusiveness of your test. Based on what you told me, I believe that you are likely to be the father of the child. To answer your question "Does this mean that someone else could possible have a higher DNA match?"--well the answer is yes--there is a 0.13 percent chance that someone else could match the child. That means that someone living in Barrow, Alaska for example, could be included if tested against the child(Barrow is the city that is the farthest point north in the United States and that is why I am using it as an example). However, in order for the man from Barrow to test positive and to be seriously considered as the father he would have had to actually have had sex with the mother. YOU imply that you had sex with the mother around the possible time of conception, there was another man who also had sex with the mother around the possible time of conception who was excluded which is why I believe that you are likely to be the father of the child.

Answer: from what you are telling me the results that you are here are a standard format and looks to be in order.

Answer: The use of the hair follicle as a collected sample must be specified in a court order to be used for a paternity test. The test is a DNA test so it is performed like all other DNA tests which means that in order for a test to be court admissible you will have to have a recognized collector at a collection site (a clinical laboratory for example) take the hair sample. The collector will perform a chain of custody which will include photographs and fingerprints. That means the pulling of between 60-80 follicles from your subject. So if you, for example, have follicles that you have harvested from, let's say, a hair brush, and the person has NO knowledge that you are performing the test, then the court would not accept your test results.

Answer: Did you order one of those "free" test kits but didn't like the price of the actual test? Collect your samples anyway, and send them to Fairfax Identity Laboratories. Fairfax Identity Laboratories (we are now accepting home kits from other labs) will perform your test on samples collected with another lab's kit. For details and to get started call 800-482-3025

Answer: I am attaching a free home kit that you can use for the test--it is 210 dollars. You won't be able to get a "court admissible" test because you signed paternity papers. However Fairfax Identity laboratories QuickHit is on of the only test kits that requires the SAME chain of custody as the court version. You could take the results to an attorney if you are not the father and he can work with you from there--no guarantees though since you did sign those papers--but the test is cheap and it certainly is worth a shot--in the courts, some states will work with you whiles others will not---the rules are rapidly changing out there. When talking to lawyers, always get a second opinion.

Answer: According to the US Department of Health and Human Services the paternity standard for paternity in Georgia is 97 percent.

Answer: He can do a home kit. Fairfax has one of the cheapest on the market today. You can download the kit by going to the follwoing link: Get Test Kit here. I hope this helps.. If you have trouble downloading the kit call me at 800-482-3025.

Answer: Did you order one of those "free" test kits but didn't like the price of the actual test? Collect your samples anyway, and send them to Fairfax Identity Laboratories. Fairfax Identity Laboratories (we are now accepting home kits from other labs) will perform your test on samples collected with another lab's kit. For details and to get started call 800-482-3025

Answer: You can get a high quality test for 210.00 by going to the following location: QUICKHIT

Answer: REUSABLE COUPON: 60 DOLLARS OFF THE WEBSITE PRICES OF OUR LEGAL PATERNITY TEST/25 DOLLARS OFF THE PRICE OF OUR HIT HOME TEST KIT/25 DOLLARS OFF OUR EXCLUSIVE CONVERTIBLE TEST KIT. CALL 800-482-3025 FOR DETAILS.

Answer: Through DNA testing you cannot tell identitcal twins apart. The only way that you could determine parentage would be through "non-scientific" means. If you did a dna test for parentage they twins would both be shown to be the father.

Answer: Since your twins are not identical they, on average, share 50% of their DNA. That means that each child inherited different genetic components from you and the father. As a result, the cpi for each child will be different. That is to be expected when calculating the Cumulative Paternity Index (CPI) and probability pf paternity for each child, regardless of the race of the parents.

Answer: Deidre, unfortunately, My advice to you will be limited since we are a paternity lab and not a law firm. There is that old saying that "he who represents himself has a fool for a lawyer" so you might try alternate routes such as legal aid, paralegal services etc...Remember though that you would use these services at your own risk and there would be no guarantees that he would get a test. Go to the following website before you contact an attorney: Profiles to check out the rules on paternity and establishment in your state. Lastly, pull out your christmas card list or whatever list of friends and relatives that you keep and see if one of them might be an attorney or might know of an attorney who could represent your case for free or at a reduced rate. You would be suprised who you know. Good luck. If you do get the judge to give you the test then contact me and I will personally arrange to give you a reasonably priced test.

Answer: Depends on the state. In Virginia, for example, a birth certificate is not considered conclusive proof of paternity but a birth certificate and a signed acknowledgement is. You can check out your state profile by going to the following url: Profiles

Answer: medicaid will not pay for the test and you can have the test as soon as the child is born.

Answer: I believe that the United States has a reciprocal agreement with your country so you should get this settle quickly since she can come after you through the courts for support. I will assume that you had a paternity test and THAT is how you know that you are not the father not some silliness like blood types or just plain suspicion. In this country there are two types of paternity: Legal and Biological. Even if you are not the biological father of that child you can still be liable for the welfare of that child since the child was born into your marriage. While state vary on this you may want to invest some time and money into an American lawyer. If a court admissible paternity test has not been performed then, through your attorney, get one.

Answer: It is very unlikely--but if you want to know the answer then YOU and your wife should have a paternity test--you do not need the friend.

Answer: Well here you have a problem: EITHER the mother OR the father can contribute the blood type to the child. The fahter does not rule the roost on this one. You're missing a blood type--the mother's.

Answer: I do not mean to be unkind but have you actually seen the results of his sperm test? I cannot and will not give you a percentage of paternity without first conducting a test.. No sperm court, sex with the ex wife, sex with two other guys are all hearsay. He needs to have a paternity test. Letting the cards fall where they may--if he is not the father then the percentage will be zero.

Answer: It is NOT our policy to comment on the reliability of other laboratories. However, you should have used an AABB accredited laboratory. This insures that quality control measures have been put into place. Do NOT use labs that conform to AABB standards either--they must be AABB accredited--simply put: It means the lab has been inspected by an outside and impartial source. The box number set up that you mentioned is a common practice among small business people that might be outsourcing to a reference lab. That is a common practice but a salesman will find you no matter what box you hide behind. Again, while I know of this laboratory I will not speak positively or negatively of them--it is not my place. When you purchased a home kit and not a court admissible test, you assumed the responsibility of liability for the test. Caveat Emptor.

Answer: good questions all--conception dates are estimates--in most cases a conception date could be the midpoint with a week before and a week after could also be the conception periods. In you case, figure this: if the child was born May 7th (expected due date) then the conception date would be July 30th through August 15th. That is probably the conception date that you should figure upon. I would say that, based on what you have told me, that you should consider having yourself tested only because you mentioned that you were with her near "the end of July" since, as I said before, conception dates are always estimates.

Answer: You posted this question a second ago and I posted the answer below but sent you to our spanish site--here is the correct link to send you to the English site: You have got to be kidding. That's a lot of information to work with--click here: ABO Chart. You can figure it out for yourself.

Answer: You have got to be kidding. That's a lot of information to work with--click here: ABO Chart. You can figure it out for yourself.

Answer: "You are pretty sure" is a heavy assumption--make sure that you have a paternity test before declaring someone to be the father. If the mother is O+ and the father is B- the the child can be either O or B negative. Remember that EITHER father or mother contributes the type to the child so this is an extremely INCONCLUSIVE way to determine paternity.

Answer: If your child was born on September 1, 1987 the child would have been conceived between November 24th and December 8th of 1986. So the answer to your question is "no"--it is not in that range that you thought.

Answer: If you submit a letter to the lab, notarized, making your request and you can prove you are the custodial parent they are SUPPOSED to release a copy to you--HOWEVER, should that fail, you can always go to court and then have the results released through the service of a court order or supoena to the laboratory. The lab must comply.

Answer: What you're telling me is that you have two reports from two different men and that BOTH are included as the father but one is higher then the other. Retest with more systems--one of you WILL be excluded.

Answer: I have never heard of a court ordering a prenatal paternity test--you would have to wait until the child has been born.

Answer: IF YOU KNEW that the man had a foreign substance in his mouth WHY did you allow the testing to be completed? Rest this this man.

Answer: you have TWO reports that exclude you--I seriously doubt that you are the father of the child.

Answer: I would never recommend that you go on a talk show--barring your heart and soul for the purpose of entertainment is a waste of time--unless you're getting a cut of the advertiser's money. You are right--they probably won't help with the testing. If you need a test "just for medical records"--use one of our home kits--it is not court admissible, it is not expensive, but it technically is the same as our full service testing. We don't cut corners on OUR testing--It would be cavalier of me to speak for others. You can contact us at 800-482-3025 if you are interested in obtaining one of our HIT kits.

Answer: I think that it is possible in answer to your first question but I would strongly suggest that you have a dna test performed. Use a home kit "just to see." You can get one from us if you like.

Answer: There is a federal statute that provides for the assistance in the gathering of child support from state to state. Basically, several things will happen:1. you will file your claim to the philly Comestics Relations Section. 2. They will attempt to get him to voluntarily sign paternity papers 3. If he does not sign, they COULD, if the child was conceived in PA, invoke a long arm statute and try to serve him with a court order from the philly court.4. Finally, if that does not work they can contact the state of Georgia under the federal statute. Essentially, a request is filed from the PA state registry to the Georgia State Registry who then sends the petition down to the Local Georgia office. The State of Georgia can then go after him under their state laws.

Answer: It would be unfair and perhaps unwise to use percentages to answer your question. EVERY paternity laboratory is is DIFFERENT. In our laboratory, the answer is NO simply because we hve a series of checks and rechecks that go through the laboratory even until the time the director signs out the reports. Assuming that you are asking this question because the faher i s excluded I would have to ask you "have you tested all of the possible fathers". If you have, then you should start looking at things such as chain of custody. In answer to your second question--you will have a better chance of building an atom bomb before you see me post on a public board "ways to cheat on a paternity test."

Answer: Contact him and talk to him about a paternity test. Tell him that there is a test that you two can do together called a home identity test (HIT) from Fairfax Identity Laboratories. Because it is home collected, it is not court admissible and that might make him more helpful to your cause. Good luck!

Answer: paternity can be performed immediately after birth. Paternity tests can be performed without the need for lawyers or courts as long as both parties are amenable. If your due date is August 8th then you would likely have gotten pregnant between November 8th and November 23rd. Results are generally mailed out from the lab conducting the test. A reputable lab should never give results out over the telephhone--they would only send them by mail. Results would be mailed at the same time so a lab cannot guarantee who will get the result first.

Answer: If you have BOTH paternal grandparents then you can do a grandparentage study--however, you and the grandparents should make inquiries with the military about using his DNA--so you have two options. We can do either test for you. Call 800-482-3025 when you are ready to start the testing process.

Answer: Yes, a swab is just as accurate as a blood dna test. Should it be done by a professional person in a laboratory-not necessarily--home kits are now available but you should only buy a home kit from a reputable AABB certified lab. Each lab will differ on its reporting policy--but generaly, all parties who tested are entitled to a report.

Answer: A laboratory can only test and process what it is sent so the the first thing that came to mind when I read your question was "were you two tested together?" You had 13 sytems run which is pretty thorough. The swabbing is fine for the test but I would retest and make sure that you see the collection process with everyone present.

Answer: A simple paternity test should clear this up for you--you can contact us at 800-482-3025 to set up a test.

Answer: yes

Answer: If the man's name is on the birth certificate he can get a paternity test done that could be court ready. If his name is NOT on the birth certificate then he could opt to have one of the Fairfax HIT tests performed (home identity test). You can call 800-482-3025 to inquire.

Answer: The tested man is excluded (does not match the child) at multiple loci (test systems) and therefore can not be the father. Therefore, the paternity index or probability of paternity are zero. You have to match on ALL locations otherwise when you calculate out the final result you can only get a zero percent. The American Association of Blood Blanks only requires two exclusions on a test but even ONE exclusion could signal a zero percent. In order for this tested man to be the father the paternity indices (combined) must multiply out to at least a 99.99 percent or better. In your case this just does not happen. Your probability of paternity is zero. If you doubt your results and it sounds as if you do, then you should seriously consider re-testing. IF there are other possible fathers you should consider having that person or persons tested first so that you can eliminate ALL variables.

Answer: The answer is no. You will need to do a dna test though since both probably fall in the conception period. You can set one up by calling 800-482-3025.

Answer: The tested man is excluded (does not match the child) at multiple loci (test systems) and therefore can not be the father. Therefore, the paternity index or probability of paternity are zero.

Answer: It is possible but not likely if the 10 loci (locuses) used in the initial test are loci commonly used in the paternity testing industry and collectively give a high paternity index (1000 or more) and high probability of paternity (greater than 99.9%). The exception is if the tested man is not the father but is a close relative of the father. When the tested man is a close relative of the father (such as a brother) it is possible to falsely include the man with a high paternity index and high probability of paternity and then exclude him when additional testing is performed. Also, if a second test was performed using 19 loci you should make sure that any overlap loci (loci common to both tests) have the same results.

Answer: The numbers associated with these test systems (D13S317(13q22-31), D18S51(18q21.3) etc.) refer to fragments (segments) of DNA of variable size and the fragment size is variable between individuals which is what makes them useful for paternity testing. However, these fragments of DNA are not associated with any known traits or characteristics.

Answer: I know of no free legal services that would help you pay for a paternity test.. You should consider paying for a test with a payment plan but remember that you will not get the report back until you have paid for the test completely.

Answer: They call contraceptives protection for a reason--you have a 50/50 chance or even better of getting pregnant if you do not practice safe sex.

Answer: Are you ready for this? Based on the projected delivery date of April 22, conception could have occurred between July 15th and July 30th. No guessing here: it could have been either date. You definitely need a dna test.

Answer: you will need to prove your non paternity by a dna test but first consult the attorney about the denial of paternity. That just sounds too easy.

Answer: you should consult an attorney about the document. My understanding is that it wouldn't necessarily hold up in court but I am not an attorney and so you seek counsel. Have the test first, then consult the attorney. Testing is available at 800-482-3025.

Answer: First, let me say that you should NOT feel pressured in to signing papers that will declare you a father without a test. Paternity admission is on the rise and you can see this fact clearly illustrated from this link over at the federal child support website: Paternity Aknowledgement Stats Hospitals actively participate in getting the fathers to aknowledge paternity without a test. Will the hospital do the test there while you wait? NO. A paternity lab will have to perform this test for you... The turnaround time will be 9-10 days to get a result back. Make sure the hospital is clear that you won't sign until you have your test. It is prudent to make contact with a lab before the baby is born to help get the process started so that there is no delay in your testing. If you wish us to help with your testing please feel free to call at 800-482-3025.

Answer: Well, first let me say that if the lab reported out a 69.97 percent that the father was not excluded as the father. But I wouldn't rely on those result--if the PI was that low then you need to retest. Whether you include yourself in the test is entirely up to you. When we do a motherless test it will ether be a 0.0 percent if he is not the father OR it will be a 99.9 or better. We would be happy to to a retest for you--call 800-482-3025 if you are interested in retesting. By the way, the swabbing was fine--you would have had a dna test and you are right the medicines would not have effected the outcome of the test. You DO need to retest.

Answer: no. The father does not necessarily determine the outcome of the child's blood type. Blood type is determined by either the father OR the mother.

Answer: If you are originating the test in Virginia, then a home kit is ok--if you originate the test in NY, then you cannot do the home test. How do you pick a home kit--stick with an AABB certified lab such as ours. Because AABB labs submit to onsite inspections the quality control on the home kits will be about the same as the court ready tests. Our chain of custody on our home kits are exactly the same as our legal test so there is virtually no difference between the two. Make sure that you are actually dealing with a real laboratory and not a middle man service. The advantage of dealing directly with the lab is that the lab NOT THE MIDDLE MAN SERVICE is responsible for all aspects of your test. If you want a testing site then we could set you up in Virginia and him in NY so that there is limited travel for each of you OR you could come to our corporate office in Fairfax, VA. Because we are a major east coast testing center that offers testing by both means (on site or by mail) we can easily help you get started. You can call 800-482-3025 to get started OR you can go to Fairfax Identity Laboratories. Our prices are listed at the link above and you should expect a turnaroud time of 9-10 business day or LESS.

Answer: Understand that it is difficult to pinpoint conception. When your doctor gives you a conception date, he is giving you an estimation.. Conception can occur up to at least six days after intercourse. The egg is only viable for about 24 hours, but sperm can stay viable in the cervical mucus for up to six days. If a woman has regular cycles, usually the time of conception can be pinpointed to within a week or two. If they are irregular it is more variable. Ultrasounds performed during the pregnancy, especially if done early, are usually accurate to within one week. To answer your question: you probably should have a paterhity test.

Answer: The absolute BEST laboratory for testing in Canada is Medigene in Calgary, British Columbia. You can get a home kit just about anywhere though and we do not reccomend anyone's home kits but our own because of the superior nature of the way we handle our home kits. You can contact us at 800-482-3025. That 800 number is good in both Canada AND the United States.

Answer: I cannot advise you on legal issues--we are a paternity laboratory but I suggest that you start here: State Profiles A map will come up and you can just click on you your state, then click on "paternity". Hope this helps.

Answer: The Canadian government has the right and frequently does open packages coming in FROM the states to their country. The United States does this as well with their borders. They are verifying that no contraband is coming in and out of the country and are also making sure that they are being paid the customs and duties that are due them. BY THE WAY--THEY ALSO HAVE THE RIGHT TO DESTROY ITEMS THEY DO NOT LIKE. I seriously doubt that the customs officials tampered with your test in such a way as to exclude the alleged father. Also, London Bioscience is correct--how can you expect them to be responsible for something that YOU collected and shipped to them? AABB labs here in the states DO NOT give results over the telephone but you certainly cannot hold Canada's standards to our own. Giving results by email is also not a common practice here in the United States except under special circumstances. Should you retest? If you doubt the test that you did with London Bioscience then yes, you should retest. then absolutely--you should retest. Retesting WILL NOT guarantee that the results will be different but having a more controlled test might make you feel better. If you want to retest you can reach us at 1-800-482-3035.

Answer: At the 10th week a paternity test can be performed using a sample called CVS. CVS is performed by removing a small sample of the placenta (nourishment for the baby) from the uterus. It is removed with either a catheter (a thin tube) or a needle. Local anesthesia is used for this test. The sample of placenta may be obtained through the cervix. A catheter is inserted into the vagina and through the cervix and the sample is withdrawn. The sample also can be obtained by inserting a needle into the abdomen and withdrawing some of the placenta. Most women feel fine after the test, although some may have mild bleeding (spotting) afterward. CVS is usually done between the 10th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. The procedure MUST be performed by a physician. You can call 1-482-3025 for the pricing information but there will be an additional cost--remember the collection must be performed by a physician and he will want to be paid as well.

Answer: Over at Fairfax Cryobank there is a "blood type predictor" that you can use to answer your question. Hope this helps.

Answer: wouldn’t even begin to speculate on paternity on so important an issue. Bottom Line: You DO need the paternity test to sort this thing out. Since your husband is aware of the situation, you should probably just go ahead and test him. You could talk to your physician to see if he would collect amniocytes that we could use to do a prenatal paternity test which is relatively expensive OR you could wait until the baby is born and have a less invasive, less expensive and equally accurate test. Regardless, you can contact us at 800-482-3025 if you wish to pursue setting up a test.

Answer: This an interesting question. Who blood type should you have and the answer is “either”--because the mother contributes half her markers and the father half his markers there is a 50/50 chance of getting the father’s marker--likewise, there is a 50/50 chance of getting the mother’s. The moral of the story: The father doesn’t control the outcome of the blood type.

Answer: Yes, we routinely perform prenatal paternity testing--it usually begins at the 10th week. you can call 800-482-3025 if you wish to have such a test. You can read about the process at Fairfax Identity Laboratories However, a simpler and less expensive means of testing would be to wait a few days after the baby is born and then perform a simple buccal swab. Regarding the birth certificate, don't put your name on it until you have the test if you are unsure that you are the father. Some states consider the signed birth certificate to be conclusive proof of paternity.

Answer: You can still get pregnant.

Answer: Go to the following link State Profiles. Just click on your state and a list of related links will pop up. Next click on paternity and you can read about state's paternity profiles. I hope this helps.

Answer: If there is going to be a court order, then you may want to consult with an attorney about getting those two men tested against the daughter -eliminating them would essentially eliminate the core of the question. However, based on what you have told me, I would start looking for samples that may have been collected from him as a result of his death or if he was seeing a doctor any samples that may be on file. If no samples and the other two suspected fathers are not available then an exhumation will be in order. A court order will probably be needed for the exhumation and the collection will have to be performed by a pathologist. Samples collected should include the following: Teeth (molars), deep inner thigh tissue (about the size of a baseball) or a cross section of a femur bone.

Answer: That is very low for a dna test. That leaves a margin of error of 13.6 per cent. You should probably retest.

Answer: If you are truly an identical twin, then your dna will be exactly identical to your brother. If you both have slept with this woman then a paternity test alone will not be able to tell which one of you is the father of the child. You need to see an attorney and have him bring this issue forward to the court

Answer: By definition, a locus is the position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele . Based on your question, I probably can't tell you much more.

Answer: It is true that identical twins have the same DNA and therefore, if they are alleged to be the father of a child, the results can only determine that neither twin is the father of the child in question or that one of the twins could be the father but it would not be possible through DNA testing to determine which twin is the father. However, both twins can produce children of either sex.

Answer: That statement ("In home testing can not be accredited because the AABB requires a chain of custody. There is no chain of custody available with an in home test.") is not exactly correct. It is true that the AABB requires that samples be properly collected and include a chain of custody. However, that does not prevent a Home Test from being performed that is compliant with AABB standards. A Home Test that is compliant with AABB standards can be performed if sample collection is performed "by persons with no interest in the test outcome." The current AABB standards go on to state that "The person may be either: 1. An employee or agent of the laboratory 2. A person capable of collecting the particular biologic sample. In this case, a second person with no interest in the test outcome shall serve to verify and witness the collection process." Furthermore, the AABB states that "Collected samples that will be transported to the laboratory shall be sealed in a tamper-proof package by the person verifying the sample collection." In addition the AABB states that "Test participants shall not package or transfer samples." There are other AABB standards pertaining to sample collection but those sited above are what makes a home test that is compliant with AABB standards difficult to provide, but not impossible. Regarding motherless testing, it is always better to include the mother in the testing process if possible. However, if the mother is not available for testing an accurate test can still be provided. But because the genetic type (genetic profile) of the mother is unknown, the statistical analysis must consider all possible outcomes. This results in a lower statistical certainty of paternity in those cases where the tested man is not excluded. However, the laboratory can compensate for this loss of genetic evidence by performing additional testing.

Answer: I do not mean to be unsympathetic but you are assuming that he actually manipulated the test but you have offered no proof. He could have sent someone in to take his place or the samples could have been switched--it is hard to day what could have happened if anything happened at all.

Answer: Your question is extremely vague. You fail to mention, for example, the outcome of the test. Do you need the second man: not necessarily.

Answer: We do this test regularly. It is called a PRENATAL PATERNITY TEST. You can read about it at Fairfax ID Lab

Answer: Go to the follow link for our pricing Pricing

Answer: The results will have your real names--if you used aliases then there would be no proof of parentage between and the test would be a waste of time.

Answer: Yes, you are 16 week pregnant so the sample collect would be amniotic fluid. The procedure has to be performed by a physician so consult with your OBY/GN before proceeding.

Answer: THE LINK IN THE PREVIOUS POST IS INCORRECT--TRY THIS LINK--FAIRFAX ID LAB We require a birth certificate with the father's name on the certificate. A court order is acceptable as well as custody papers or a letter of live birth. You could also use a home kit which require none of the above. To see the various types of tests go to the following link Fairfax Tests. It will give you a clearer idea of what is available.

Answer: We require a birth certificate with the father's name on the certificate. A court order is acceptable as well as custody papers or a letter of live birth. You could also use a home kit which require none of the above. To see the various types of tests go to the following link Fairfax Tests. It will give you a clearer idea of what is available.

Answer: It is possible.

Answer: we are a paternity lab and can answer questions about the testing--in the case of the incarcerated man, he will need an attorney especially since he signed papers aknowledging paternity. It will be up to a judge to overturn the aknowledgment.

Answer: I got this quote from one of the Divorcenet Lawyers: It means that a court or administrative body has dismissed a claim, but unlike a judgment or dismissal with prejudice, such dismissal does not bar the plaintiff from future bringing the identical claim in the future.

Answer: When you say "led you to get a paternity test" did you have a home test? Was everyone tested voluntarily? It sounds like paternity has been established through the courts. Go to the following link and click on your state, then click on paternity and you can see how the laws work in your state: OCSE State ProfilesYou may find this very informative.

Answer: When you say "led you to get a paternity test" did you have a home test? Was everyone tested voluntarily? It sounds like paternity has been established through the courts. Go to the following link and click on your state, then click on paternity and you can see how the laws work in your state: OCSE State ProfilesYou may find this very informative.

Answer: When you say "led you to get a paternity test" did you have a home test? Was everyone tested voluntarily? It sounds like paternity has been established through the courts. Go to the following link and click on your state, then click on paternity and you can see how the laws work in your state: OCSE State ProfilesYou may find this very informative.

Answer: If the twins are identical then you will not be able to tell them apart using a conventional dna test because their dna is identical. You will need to have hard nonscientific evidence to prove which twin was with the mother at the time of conception.

Answer: First, the paternity issue is between your fiance' and the mother. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact date of conception. Calculations are usually an estimate with a range of plus or minus two weeks. The exact date of conception may differ from the date of intercourse. Conception can occur up to at least six days after intercourse. The egg is only viable for about 24 hours, but sperm can stay viable in the cervical mucus for up to six days. If a woman has regular cycles, usually the time of conception can be pinpointed within a week or two. If they are irregular it is more variable. Ultrasounds performed during the pregnancy, especially early, are usually accurate to within one week. If the child was born in October, March will not be the conception time so your estimates are off. Bottom line: your fiance has molecular evidence that he is the faher of a child and sitting around speculating that a child does not "look right" is a waste of time. If your fiance' has doubts about the integrity of the first test, then he should (and only he-not you) should speak to the mother about having what is called a confirmation test. Simply put:: have another test to make sure that the first test is correct.

Answer: not to worry--two positives produce either a NEGATIVE OR A POSITIVE. If the mother is A and the Father is A then the child can be either A or O so the child produced will be either A+ or A- OR O+ or O- Hope that helps

Answer: first, because your parents are negative AND positive your rh could type either Negative OR Positive so it does not suprise me that you typed negative while the others typed positive. The ABO types that you give indicate that it is likely that he is your father. If you are still concerned you could have a sibling relationship study done to determine if you are a half or whole sibling in your family.

Answer: it is possible to do a sibling study without the mother. Fairfax Identity Laboratories performs these tests routinely. I tend to disregard blood typing not because it is unimportant but because blood typing used in paternity is highly inconclusive due to the large populations contained in each group. You can contact us at 1-800-482-3025 if you wish to set up a sibling study.

Answer: You said your last name was on the birth certificate--but if your name is not on the certificate as the father then you may not be legally the father of the child--you also took a dna test and it excluded you. All this being said--if you believe that you really want to be the father of the child--then get a lawyer and have him look at the appropriate documents such as the birth certificates and let him determine, based on the laws of your state, if you have any rights. Good Luck.

Answer: The information on your period is not something that I can use. We do prenatal testing through dna extraction from either CVS or Amniotic fluid samples. In your situation, being in the UK, You will have to have your physician collect and ship the fetal sample to our lab here in Fairfax, Va. We have a prenatal collection kit for such purposes. the swab samples needed from you and the father, however, can be self collected again using one of our test kits. If you are interested in pursuing such a test, feel free to contact me through this board for details.

Answer: It depends on what you expect the test to be used for. Home kits are good in these scenarios as are Fairfax Identity Laboratories exclusive Convertible Test Kits. They are inexpensive and very easy to use. You can find information on them at our website address : http://www.fairfaxidlab.com/pricing.html. Now to your question about distance: with dna, it makes no difference about the distance. With older test such as HLA testing it was certainly an issue so, no, they do not have to be in the same lab. You can contact us at 800-482-3025.

Answer: Well, speaking from the standpoint of someone who works in a lab--I would never make an appointment for someone who wasn't sure that he could deliver the other half of the test. I would hope that most labs would do the same becasue when you start a test and abruptly cancel it (let's say because the mother doesn't want to test) then you can lose some money paying out cancellation fees and the like. I suppose you could try to get a court order to compell her to participate. You should verify this last sentence with an attorney.

Answer: That is really a quesiton that is best taken up with an attorney. It will vary from state to state. You should seek counsel from an attorney specializing in family law.

Answer: The data indicate that the tested man is included (shares at least one allele with the child) at every locus (test system or genetic marker) tested. Therefore, the report (as required by the AABB) should give a PI for each test system as well as a cumulative PI (all loci combined) and a probability of paternity including the prior probability used in the calculation. Trying to compare family features is not at all accurate which is why a genetic test is usually required. Children may or may not resemble their parents. If there is doubt about the accuracy of the test then a retest is indicated. If you do obtain a retest I recommend that you use an AABB accredited laboratory.

Answer: The blood type of the child can be contributed by EITHER the mother OR the father.

Answer: Extended testing refers to requesting that additonal test testing be done beyond the norm. Typically, laboratories will charge extra for this service. If the lab requests the additional testing then there is usually NO charge. The key question is when do you ask for extended testing? In this case, there is a father and a son and they BOTH are alleged fathers in a paternity scenario. If you let the laboratory know of this situation then there is no need to request additional testing. If the lab knows there is a potential problem then they will run the extended testing as needed. We, like other labs, also offer a "power package" of additional probes. I do know know who is doing your testing but you should be OK as long as you are using an AABB accredited laboratory. As for my opinions on the current laws--I will leave that to the lawyers.

Answer: While I would love to tell you everything I possibly could about your family --I cannot. We answer questions here about dna testing so you might want to readdress your question to Ancestry.com. Good Luck.

Answer: If the child was born November 11, then conception probably occurred between February 4 and February 18th. Remember that this is an estimate so you should consider having a paternity test.

Answer: You have asked a very good question and it sounds like you have done some research as well. I don't think you are going to get someone to give you a free test--laboratories have to cover their overhead and they are, of course, businesses and the cold reality of business is that it is conducted for money. Buti if you don't have money on hand immediately it doesn't mean that you cannot do a test.--With Fairfax Identity Laboratories you could simply just do a home identity test kit(HIT). Since you are both adults and you are agreeing to do the test this would be a very sensible option because it is very cheap--you start by putting down 25 dollars and we send you the test kit. You send the remainder of the payment in (285 dollars) with the samples. The major advantage of this system is that it gives you the time to scrape together money to do the test. You can call 800-482-3025 for further inquiries.

Answer: You should probably go to the phone book and look up the name of an adoption attorney who can give you specific advice on what you will need to do in your area. We cannot give you legal advice here because we are not attorneys. We are a dna testing laboratory. If the attorney advises a dna test to establish paternity, which he well might, then we can certainly set up and handle an affordable dna test for you. You can inquire about testing at 800-482-3025. OH--yes, we can conduct your test in Oregon and over 3000 locations worldwide.

Answer: You will have to contact the lab where the report was issued. Each laboratory will have a slightly different policy about how to get a test result but you have to call them and ask them. You will be required to show proof of identification and you may have to make your requsest in the form of a notarized letter. Laboratories have to make sure that they are not releasing the results to the wrong people. If you are local, some labs may let you show up and present id as another option. However, since your report is two years old, you should give the lab ample notice before showing up to get a test result.

Answer: I don't think that this forum is the place to talk about this problem although I certainly sympathize. You do need a paternity test and we would be glad to do it for you but first you need to do some research. You need to find out if the mother is still married to the man in prison--I cannot say this enough--GET A LAWYER--and find out what your rights are but first find out about the marriage--the attorney might be able to tell you where to go for help. Good luck and I wish you the very best.

Answer: Your OB is incorrect because he is basing his answer to your question on old information. Nowadays you can test AS SOON as the baby has been born. There is no waiting.

Answer: Personally, and this is MY opinion, I would not trust the results of such a test. I have seen lately on the internet ads saying that AABB certification is not needed. The AABB is not about court admissibility it is about quality control. Its like going into a restruant, seeing that "A Grade" sticker and knowing for certain that you are going to make it through the meal alive. One thing that paternity labs DO NOT do is give out results over the telephone--why?--so that your privacy is protected--what if it wasn't you or your boyfriend who made the call--it could have been your Uncle Fred or Cousin Edna--people who did not need to know. If you do NOT trust the results consider retesting with another home kit--ours is 310 dollars and what separates ours from our non aabb competitors is that we abide by the AABB rules no matter what type of test is performed. One of our competitors told a potential client that our home kit paperwork was overkill--To me, that is highest praise that we could have received because it means that we are watching out for our clients needs. In other words, you have to have a witness, you have to present id, etc...Feel free to call for details at 800-482-3025.

Answer: Well the blood typing is the wrong approach to this question and could raise unfounded ideas for the brother to dwell on. I would say that a dna test is definitely in order. Obviously, you don't want the parents involved and it isn't necessary. Fairfax Identity Laboratories has just released an inexpensive home test kit that can be used for sibling relationship studies. What you CAN do is have the brother and one of the sisters tested by buccal (mouth swab) and it can be determined if they are whole or half siblings. If you are interested in pursuing this option contact 800-482-3025 for details.

Answer: A couple of things strike me here. You mentioned that with the "help of your friends and family" you came to the conclusion that this was not your child. Also, I was unclear whether or not your name is actually on the brith certificate. I am assuming that you have no custodial rights. In your situation I would reccomend that you not start with contacting a paternity lab such as you have done here but instead seek the counsel of a competent attorney. Signing away parental rights is a matter for legal professionals. Do I think the child is yours? I would not even hazard a guess except to say you have had a lot of people influencing your thoughts. An attorney will help you sort all of this out. I would say that you do need a paternity test but you need to see if you can get one court ordered if the mother is not going to cooperate. If you do manage to get a test you can contact us at 800-482-3025 and we will be happy to talk to you and get you started.

Answer: If you are not the father of the child and you have proof you will need to see an attorney. Name changes on birth certificates are handled through the court system and the attorney can help guide you through the process. Good Luck!

Answer: Well, first let me say that there is nothing wrong with swab testing. I gather that the test says that you ARE the father of the child and that there is this other man that you are convinced looks like the child. The simplest solution would be to test the other man. Testing you again would be pointless with this other man hanging in the wings. If he does prove to be the father THEN you should be retested. This procedure is called "confirmation testing" and is done frequently by Fairfax Identity Laboratories. You can make further inquiries on such testing by calling 1-800-482-3025.

Answer: Yes, prenatal paternity testing is quite commonplace nowadays. You can contact us at 800-482-3025 if you wish to pursue a test. The test does have to be performed under the supervision of a doctor so keep that in mind. If you are in the Fairfax area, you can have the prenatal samples collected and delivered right to our lab on the same day. If not, then other arrangements can be made.

Answer: If you have the sam mother and father you are whole siblings--that is correct. If you have the same father and different mothers then you are HALF siblings. If you have the same Mother and different dads you are still half siblings.

Answer: These tests nowadays are very accurate and the four day turnaround time does not suprise me . It is very common to test between states and because dna samplng is used it does not really matter how far apart the collections dates are. Also, you are pobably not dealing with a "state lab" but instead are dealing with a laboratory that has won a bid to contract with the state. If you do NOT trust the results of the state sponsored test Fairfax does a type of testing called "confirmation testiing"--we simply retest and see if the results are the same or are different. If you would like to pursue such a test call 800-482-3025.

Answer: Well you could certainly do a home test kit and since your name is on the child's birth certificate you could bring the child to a site and most labs would conduct the test as long as they have that document. If the test proves that you are NOT the father, you will have to seek the advice of an attorney in order to move forward with any decisions. Now, if you are interest in have one of these tests performed please feel free to contact us at 800-482-3025. We would be happy to help you get started.

Answer: It's not necessary to have the father's brother but it is helpful--If the deceased father has had other children then the child in question can be tested against the other children to see if a half sibling relationship exists or if the children share the same mother , a full sibling relationship.

Answer: You cannot determine the age but you can determine the gender. As a matter of fact when yo pay for prenatal or regular paternity testing through Fairfax Identity Laboratories we will tell you the gender of the child at no charge. To contact us call 800-482-3025.

Answer: I marvel at the the fact that you know so many of your siblings types--nowadays, you don't see that so often. Unfortunately, determining a sibling relationship based on the information that you have provided is next to impossible. You and A sibling (at least) should consider having a dna test--there is one called a sibling relationship study, for instance that our laboratory performs routinely--If you are interested in pursuing such a study you can call 1-800-482-3025. Good Luck!

Answer: Your brother would be subject to paying child support depending upon the outcome of the paternity test. For issues regarding the birth certificate you should consult the California District Attorney's Office/Family Support Division.

Answer: Allele 10 at D8S1179 and D13S317 are both relatively common in the caucasian population so it is not surprising that two unrelated people happen to share that allele. The fact that the mother in both cases happen to have an allele 10 at these two loci is not suspicious.

Answer: A prenatal paternity test cost 780 dollars (see previous post below). I cannot help you with the other cost but you might try contacting hospitals for things like anesthesia and such and your doctor's billing office can help you with the other charges. Good luck with your school project.

Answer: Custodial parents usually--either the mother or the father--but with the father documentation must be shown such as the birth certificate before a lab will perform a test. Court orders or signed stipulations are acceptable as well. Home kit procedures will vary from lab to lab so it is difficult to comment on that subject.

Answer: Fairfax Identity Laboratories typically charges 780 dollars for such a test--however we do take into account a person's financial situation. If you are going to pursue prenatal paternity testing you can begin by calling 800-848-4362.

Answer: First, let me say that this is a laboratory board and we are not lawyers so double check everything that I say with an attorney. Can you be forced to take a paternity test. No one will force you--If the mother files for support--the state may contact you to get you sign papers saying you are the father. You may be give the opportunity to take the test--if you refuse then the court may declare you the father by default. Again, check with an attorney or your local child support office.

Answer: I am assuming that you mean a DNA paternity test. If that is the case then "no"--you do not need to know the sex of the fetus before testing.

Answer: It is not the "matter" that matters--it is the dna. Any part of the body that contains dna can be tested. Generally, for paternity testing buccal swabs or blood is used.

Answer: ethinic calculation is NOT important if the father tested has been excluded (not the father). If he is included, the race is factored into the calculation.

Answer: you should go to the following site and look at our blood typing chart: http://www.fairfaxidlab.com/abo.html the child's blood type would not be passed down from grandparents but would come either from the mother OR the father. The father does NOT determine the blood type. The father could be either positive OR negative. Lastly, you should have a paternity test done--nowadays you can use of our inexpensive home kits to do "curiousity testing". If you are interested in learning about the possibility of using such a kit please feel free to contact us at 800-482-3025.

Answer: Yes, we routinely perform prenatal paternity testing--it usually begins at the 10th week. you can call 800-482-3025 if you wish to have such a test.

Answer: Subsitution of sample is always a possibility when taking a paternity test--this is why laboratories must perform what is called a chain of custody for the samples to bne admissible in a court of law.. To answer your questions. blood is just as easy to substitute as buccal--lab employees are generally not the culprit--to make such an accusation you cannot place blame on a lab without absolute proof. I would say to make sure that there are NO other fathers out there that need to be tested first--if all the possible fathers are excluded then SOMEBODY will need to be retested.

Answer: Test nowadays are easily performed from state to state. Being an AABB laboratory (like Fairfax) is not enough--government certification for the interstate transport of specimens is required for such testing and only REAL labs will have this certification.. Resellers will not be certified. Also, the better labs will be staffed to set up such interstate cases so that you do not worry about anything except attending the appointment. Our lab, for example, for full service cases will set up the appointment and PAY the collection cost for you so that your only out of pocket expense is the cost of the test.. You can set testing up with us by contacting us at 800-482-3025. Now to the subject of consent--if she doesn't want to test you will need to contact an attorney in her state and get a court order for testing assuming that your husband hasn't signed papers saying that he is the father (such as a birth certificate).

Answer: I am sure that he will appreciate your discretion. You cannot collect his sample and use it without his consent so you will need to quietly contact him and explain your situation--there are adoption forums and support groups that may help you handle this type of scenario so you should probably look around your local area for advice--avoid extreme groups. Also, remember that he does have the right to refuse to participate in the test--he can say "no". If he has children, you can see if you can test against one of them to compare half sibling relationship. We offer a variety of tests for adoption related persons. You can call 800-482-3025 if you would like to pursue a test.

Answer: Your Italian heritage is not problem in peforming the paternity test but that fact that your brother was involved with the women may be. Any genetic test for parentage is based on a comparison of the tested man to the random and unrelated general population. If your biological brother had a sexual relationship with the mother during the time of conception, then it is possible for you to be falsely included. The testing laboratory should have been advised of this so that they could also test your brother and/or perform additional testing on you to exclude you if you wre in fact falsely included. If you question the validity of the test results you may want to consider getting another test or at least re-testing yourself to confirm the results of your sample.

Answer: From what you presented it appears to be a routine 2 party motherless case and there is nothing remarkable. The amount of genetic evidence (PI=461)is adequate in most states to legally establish paternity. The minimum PI required by the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)is 100 but a PI in the thousands is not uncommon. There is nothing unusual in the case as presented here.

Answer: If the test was properly conducted and the quality is good then the two exclusions (CSFR and FES) are sufficient by American Association of Blood banks (AABB) standards to exclude the tested man as being the biological father. If you have doubts about the test result then you may want to consider a re-test.

Answer: I apologize if our explanations were not clear enough. Your question is a good one and I will try to explain. "Genetic system" refers to tests that are performed to answer a genetic related question, in this case parentage. D3S1358, vWA, D16S539,D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, THO1, and FGA each refer to one genetic test or genetic system. Each of these identifies a specific location within each persons DNA and for that reason the location within your DNA is referred to as a "locus" and the plural form of the word locus is loci. Although they are not associated with any known characteristics or traits, each of these loci (D3S1358, vWA, D16S539,D2S1338 etc.) demonstrates variation at the DNA level and is therefore different from person to person. These differences are usueful for identification purposes and excellent for paternity testing. These sames tests (genetic systems or loci) are also used to solve some crimes. The DNA test for paternity examines the differences at each of the loci and uses that information to determine if a man alleged to be the biological father of a child, is or is not. I hope that this helps.

Answer: These genetic systems do not represent any known traits which is one of the reasons they were selected for testing identity. They represent regions of DNA with no known function but that differ between unrelated individuals. In the case of D19S433, both the mother and the tested man happen to carry an allele (form of the gene) designated 14. The child in this case appears to have inherited a copy of the 14 from both the mother and the father. The paternity index (PI) is the genetic odds in favor of paternity. It is a measure of just the genetic evidence and should generally be at least 100. A PI of 100 means that given the type of the mother, the tested man is 100 times more likely to produce a child of that type than would a randomly selected man of the same ethnic background as the tested man.

Answer: I had to read this several times. Bottom Line: If she had the baby, then she is not a virgin. What she is telling you is that she had sex with a man in a bath tub but DID NOT have sex with him before or after the tub adventure. I think your friend may be either creating or passing along another urban legend.

Answer: You problem is that you are a minor so no testing can be don't without your parents consent. However, when you turn 18 contact us and I can then help you out.

Answer: If the brothers are identical twins then you will not be able to tell who is the father. If the brothers do not know, consider twin testing and if they are identical then seek an attorney for legal help. I would like to speak with you so call me at 800-482-3025.

Answer: I have never heard of anyone getting pregnant by air born means (if that were what a market paternity testing would be). Partially ejaculating inside you or if the semen is on his hands could certainly increase the chances of your becoming pregnant. Finally, yes, relax--they will be able to tell who is the father.

Answer: Well, let's see--it is on the internet--it is form--I bet it is even on a "secure server". I would fork out the money for the lawyer. Your life is far to important to place in the hands of a virtual lawyer on a virtual form in a virtual work. Hop off the internet and grab your phone book and shop around though for the best price.

Answer: 50 percent. Instead of accepting her word--demand a paternity test and you should also have the first one tested also.

Answer: Your guess is as good as mine--you cannot seriously expect someone to determine paternity by guess work. Pay for a test.

Answer: II can tell you nothing without the father's type.

Answer: Again, I will not vouch for the quality of labs other then mine but I have had some experience with the German court. If this test was performed as a result of a reciprocal action where Germany has contacted the child support central registry in your state who then contacts you through the local child support agency, then get an attorney and approach the local agency and ask for another test for which you will pay. If you did all of this voluntarily then you will need a german attorney to represent your case with the Institute for Guardianship. There are no guarantees. Good luck.

Answer: absolutely.

Answer: This a good question--do you want the price for a test or what it will ACTUALLY cost you. You see most labs charge you for the test--let's say 450--which is an average cost--but they are not done with you--they will try to pass their cost off on you--draw fees, shipping fees, interest and hidden charges on payment plans--so a paternity test can sometimes, depending on the lab, can cost you OUT OF POCKET as much 600 plus dollars. Fairfax identity laboratory charges you for the test and that is it--we cover everything else. You can go to our website at http://www.fairfaxidlab to view our pricing. Rest assured that we will not stick you with additional fees--Being an older lab we tend to stick with tradition and tend to shy away from the practice of overwhelming our customers with extra burdens.

Answer: If the testing was done through our lab then NO--I would never speak positively or negatively about the quality of another lab.

Answer: If they are fraternal twins--yes--if they are identical then no--if you are not sure if they are identical or fraternal then have both tested.

Answer: Until you have a test, the chance of Mr. Clean being the father of the child is 50 percent. The chance of Marajuana Man being the father is also 50 percent. Have a test and just settle this issue.

Answer: The answer is yes. Take your report, upon conpletion, to a lawyer. The courts are hesitant to take away paternity from a child so rest assured that nothing is automatic. A good family law specialist can make sure that your interests are properly represented.

Answer: I think you are grasping at straws--it is likely that this brother is the father of the child. If you honestly believe that the other brother is the father of the child then pay for a test and quit the speculating in hopes of finding a quick escape hatch.

Answer: The child can be either an A or a B He can be either positive or negative so the answer is yes--it could be either man--neither is excluded-you will need a dna test to get a definitive answer. You can get names and numbers off of this board of people who will help you get started.

Answer: Keep dreaming. He had better address this quickly before it gets REALLY out of hand. Demand a paternity test.

Answer: Full siblings (same mother and father) have 50% of their DNA in common. Half siblings (same mother but different fathers OR same father but different mothers)have 25% of their DNA in common. If the appropriate tests are performed, then unrelated people will have very little in common. If a sufficient number of the appropriate tests were performed and there was 23% concordance between you and this other person, then that would suggest that you could in fact be related as second degree relatives (half siblings). However, the key words here are "sufficient number of the appropriate tests".

Answer: To my knowlege OUR test have never been wrong but I am not prepared to vouch for the quality or accurarcy of our esteemed competitors so I cannot even hazzard a guess on the odds of a test being wrong.

Answer: In a situation like this he should have been present at the collection of the sample. My advice to you is to have a confirmatory test (we do such testing) and make sure that you ALL are present of the time of collection. You should also stay and observe the packing and shipping of the sample.

Answer: I think there is a sibling study in there somewhere but I need to ask you a few quetions--give me a call at 800-482-3025--make sure that I know that you are coming from Divorcenet.--thanks.

Answer: The aunt is the custodial parent and so she has the right and responsibility to act in the child's best interest--in this case filing for child support. If you doubt the paternity of the child do not sign anything and have a paternity test done. Confirm what I am telling you with an attorney.

Answer: The answer is "yes" and "yes"

Answer: Here is a list of useful numbers that you can use to reach us: WEST COAST: 800-482-3025 East Coast/Midwest: 800-269-4822 South : 800-234-2528 IMMIGRATION: 800-269-4822 Deceased father cases-800-482-3025 Customer Service-800-848-4362 We offer three test options: 1.Full Service Court Admissible 2. The Convertible--court admissible and 3. The HIT (Home Identity Test) which is a do it your self home kit--it is not court admissible.

Answer: you can test at the 10th week of pregneany--we do such testing and you can contact us at 1-800-482-3025. We will be happy to assist.

Answer: I know of no studies or related data linking dimples and clefts to paternity calculations. You are asking me to make a guess based on dimples and clefs--if you doubt the paternity of the child--get a dna test.

Answer: The place to get the best ,highest quality testing as well as extremely affordable pricing is by calling 800-234-2528. Ask for Lonna Hall.

Answer: I am just going to get into the bottom line here with you. If he indicated that he was black on the paperwork then he should have calced as an american black maie. Even though he will still likely be calced as the father of the child in question, the report should reflect the correct race of the father. Go back to the lab and have them redo the report.

Answer: I am just going to get into the bottom line here with you. If he indicated that he was black on the paperwork then he should have calced as an american black maie. Even though he will still likely be calced as the father of the child in question, the report should reflect the correct race of the father. Go back to the lab and have them redo the report.

Answer: The pregnancy is at 24 weeks. You can do a paternity test from material collected at any stage of the pregnancy--THERE IS A CATCH--good luck finding anyone to take the child's sample after 22 weeks--this is why on our website we say from 10 to 22 weeks --the fetal collection has to be collected by a physician and most are hesitant about collecting at such a late stage in the pregnancy.

Answer: Contact the lab and have them re-examine the report using the information you should have supplied at the beginning. It is likely that the laboratory will not have to perform a retest. If they do, you will likely have pay for a new test since the lab was not supplied with this information at the start of the test.

Answer: My questions are: 1 - What does it mean to have only a single index? (Does that mean that both indexes are the same, i.e. 15 = 15,15 or that there was an index they were unable to obtain.) YOU ARE CORRECT, 15 PROBABLY MEANS 15,15. I SAY PROBABLY BECAUSE IN REALITY THERE IS NO WAY TO KNOW IF IT IS 15,15 OR 15 AND SOMETHING ELSE THAT THE LAB IS UNABLE TO DETECT. iT IS STANDARD PRACTICE TO RECORD THE RESULTS AS THE LAB DID IN THIS CASE. 2 - If the single indexes mean that both indexes are the same then the row of 11's on D5S818 would be the only possible result from the shown combination? CORRECT. THE MOTHER, CHILD AND THE ALLEGED FATHER PROBABLY ARE ALL 11,11. 3 - Can you tell me what your probability of paternity would be, based on these numbers. (my cumulative index was 8,806 on the report with a probability of paternity of 99.99%) I WOULD NEED TO KNOW THE RACE OF THE MOTHER AND TESTED MAN TO CALCULATE A PI AND PROBABILITY OF PATERNITY FOR THE CASE SITED ABOVE. HOWEVER, A PI OF 8,806 IS REASONABLE FOR A CASE USING THE TEST SYSTEMS SITED ABOVE. A PI OF 8806 WOULD GENERATE A PROBABILITY OF PATERNITY OF 99.9886% (ASSUMING A PRIOR OF 0.5) WHICH WOULD ROUND OFF TO 99.99%. 4 - Is there anything else you can tell me about this report/these numbers that might not show at face value? NO, THE TEST SYSTEMS SITED ABOVE ARE COMMONLY USED FOR PARENTAGE TESTING AND THE RESULTS SEEM REASONABLE. 5 - Am I just grasping at straws here, and should take the report at face value? In other words: accept it and move on? IF THE TEST WAS PROPERLY CONDUCTED AND THERE IS NO CHANCE THAT A CLOSE RELATIVE (BROTHER OR FATHER) OF THE ALLEGED FATHER WAS INVOLVED WITH THE WOMEN, THEN THERE IS SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE THAT THE TESTED MAN IN THIS CASE IS BIOLOGICAL FATHER OF THE CHILD AND DOUBTFUL THAT HE WAS FALSELY INCLUDED.

Answer: The DNA within a person is inherited 50% from the mother and 50% from the father. An AABB accredited laboratory should use test systems that follow these simple rules of inheritance which is required by the AABB. The caveat here is that the analysis compares the tested man to a random and unrelated man of the same racial background. Cases that involve close relatives of the tested man require special attention and may require additional testing to resolve. In other words, the brother (or father) of the biological father of a child, could be falsely included as the father, if he were tested in the case. In any case in which the tested man is NOT excluded, the report should state the results in 2 ways; (1) a paternity index or PI and (2) the probability of paternity. The PI is the genetic odds in favor of paternity. Using your example of 1 in 60,000 means that the tested man is 60,000 times more likely to father a child of that type (given the women that was tested) than a randomly selected man from the same racial background. That would convert to a probablity of paternity of 99.998%;assuming a prior probability of 50% (a prior of 0.5 or 50% is standard practice). If a prior probability of 0.5 (50%) is used then any PI can be converted to a probaility of paternity by dividing the PI by 1 plus the PI. Using your example again, a PI of 60,000 gives a probability of paternity of 99.998% (60,000 divided by 60,001).

Answer: Thank you for your inspiring comments.--Fairfax Identity Laboratories.

Answer: yes, a dna test is needed. The doctor is using estimates based on the information that his tools have provided him.

Answer: I am sure there is but I'm not tellin'.

Answer: check out supportguidelines.com--they have links to may kinds of support calculators. I did not see a calculator for New Hampshire but you can go to alllaw.com and there is a calculator for Maine over there. Hope this helps!

Answer: The lab should be made aware of the situation. How they approach the testing is their decision--all labs are different--but additional testing may be required or just the skilled eye of the doctor who reviews the case. Good Luck!

Answer: Sonagrams are estimates as are paternity calculators--if you doubt that you are the father--it will eat and eat at you forever--it will be the paternal flea in your ear. Do the dna test and remove all doubt.

Answer: saliva is not silly putty--it cannot be manipulated. Keep an eye on the sample collection to see that samples were not switched or substituted. Stay away from "mad scientist" conjectures.

Answer: Why is she anxious to have rights terminated? You r first instinct is correct--talk to a lawyer first before you sign anything away. Right now you are trying to take on a gunslinger (lawyer) with a lollipop (you). Get the lawyer. Have the test--this is not about you OR the mother--it is about the child.

Answer: He was excluded on two systems--HLA or not--he is NOT the father. You apparently, as the mother, have issues with this point. You can do the dna test but no matter what the results of the dna test you are not going to make the hla exclusions go away. As for the conception calculator, you need to understand that the calculator only tells you who you slept with at the time of conception and that it is an estimate at best. Where is the other man? Have you had him tested? If you have not then you need to do so--otherwise you are just chasing your tail.

Answer: If they are indeed identical twins, then you will NOT be able to tell who is the father. If they are fraternal then it will be possible to determine parenthood.

Answer: You and six guys four days apart--it will not be "cheap". You can call Lonna Hall at 800-234-2528 and see if she can work out any kind of a deal for you.

Answer: The Health Department was wrong. You could have done the test at 10 weeks to about the 20th week. You are now at 24 weeks--the test can still be performed but I doubt that you will be able to find a doctor to perform the amniotic fluid extraction. Is it dangerous-well, suffice ti to say that you do NOT do this procedure with out a doctor's consultation.

Answer: Contact Lonna Hall at 800-237-2528. She will get you set up as less expensively as possible.

Answer: I guess I would be curious as to what her motives are if she is claiming that he has no responsibility? Why does she keep contacting him.? If you haven't left a large chunk of information out of the question and he REALLY hasn't signed anything and IF he has not been named in a court of law to be the father of this child then have him talk to an attorney about obtaining an order for testing. Don't look for her to be happy or cooperative when you and him challenge her belief that he is the father.

Answer: Depends. If you are just trying to find paternity using a full trio (mother, child, father) then look for 9-10 business days--if the mother is not being testing then, as a rule of thumb, you should probably add a week to the 9-1 days. Paternity determination using esoteric testings such as sibling relationship studies or grandparentage relationships will take much longer to complete.

Answer: Well, you are both not hindered by any legal issues since you are both adults. I carry a home kit that sells for only 310 dollars. You collect the samples yourself and you send it on in. We usually have the results ready in 9-10 business days. If you are interested in getting one give me a call at 1-800-482-3025