Paternity "Ask the Experts"

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(Fairfax Identity Laboratories is a DNA testing lab. Their postings are not to be construed as legal advice.)
(A local attorney should be consulted for matters of law.)

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Answer: I cannot answer questions about benefits but consider that you will need the mother's permision to test the child and of course you will need the child. If you and your son's biologicial father are availabe you can do a grandparentage test with the child or you could use deceased samples from the father gather from either the medical examination if an autopsy was performed OR from an exhumation. If the father had OTHER children, then a sibling relationship study can be performed. I hope this helps.

Answer: Pigmentation, whether it be of eyes, skin, or hair, is due to not one gene but several in combination. You have to understand that any pigment is made in the body by a series of biochemical processes that occur one after another. Imagine that the series goes something like: Molecule A ----> Molecule B ----> Molecule C ---> Pigment where the Pigment is the stuff that makes eyes brown, hair dark, or skin dark. The way this works is that if my body has Molecule A but can't turn it into Molecule B, then, up to a point, my body will build up a bunch of Molecule A. If my body could make B, then I could make C from it, and from C I could make Pigment. The important point is that, without being able to make B from A, neither will I make C or Pigment, and my eyes will be blue. I have sex with a girl who also has blue eyes, but her eyes are blue, but her lack of the brown pigment isn't because she can't make B, but instead she can't turn B into C. She can make B just fine, but doesn't have the genetic makeup that allows her to go to the next step. Since C is necessary to make Pigment, her eyes are blue, too, just like mine but for a different reason. The abilities to turn A into B, or B into C, or C into Pigment is hereditary. If our encounter creates a child, that child can gain the mother's abiity to turn A into B, which I can't do, and gets my ability to turn B into C, which the mom can't do. This child of ours now can carry out each of the transformations in the sequence, and the result is brown eyes.

Answer: No. The gender marker is not used in calculating a likelihood of paternity.

Answer: This tells me first of all that you're giving the results of a motherless test, that is, one in which a sample from the mother was not tested. If it were, the X value would be either 0.5 or 0.25, most likely. The X value is the likelihood of the tested parent(s) producing the child. The Y value is the likelihood of finding that child in a randomly-chosen population. The ratio of the two (X/Y) is the paternity index. A value of 86+ indicates that the characteristic that the child and the tested man share is relatively rare, and on the basis of this one trait, evidence is relatively strong that the man and the child are related.

Answer: Whether a child inherits a gene from a parent or not is a matter of chance. If the mother is, to use your example, 29, 31.2, then the odds of inheriting the 29 or the 31.2 are 50/50 The same is true for inheriting a gene from the father. The odds of the child inheriting the 29 from the mother and the 27 from the father are 50% x 50%, or 25%, which is not a very small probability; 25% of the time, you will see this happen. On the basis of what you have presented, there is no reason to do any further testing. The results are not at all unusual.

Answer: The tests that were run back then included genetic factors that didn't have a very high ability to exclude a tested man. Without doing the calculations, I would guess that the probability wasn't high enough to reach the legally dictated level. Either that, or the judge/jury didn't understand the science of it and so didn't consider it. You ought to be able to get a transcript of the legal proceedings to find out what happened. You could do DNA based testing at this date, using samples from the alleged father's siblings or VERIFIED children. Alternatively, samples from the deceased individuals could be used if they're available. If there are hospital or autopsy samples from the alleged grandparents, those could be used. What, exactly, would be gained, however, in opening this investigation up more than 25 years after the original test? If it's to have a connection to the father's family for the sake of that connection alone, be sure you're not going to stir up any animosity. At least, since the child is no longer a minor, nobody should get defensive about anybody seeking back support. That can't be done.

Answer: unless you can actually speak to someone on the phone, you should NEVER buy a paternity kit from someone online. While you can freely download our kits and send a total of only 165 dollars to pay for the complete test, we always include a support number to help you during the collection process so that you know that we are for real. Not knowing anything about this lab, I would be hesitant to comment.

Answer: in a case like this the ONLY thing you can do is to retest--but make sure she is footing the bill. Sabotage is always possible but is unlikely. She is challenging your results and so she needs to come up with the cash--it is that simple. Also--NO home kits in this case--full service, court admissible, and collected by someone at a collection site.

Answer: I suggest you do a paternity test--it is extremely unlikel;y that the child's blood type would be a B. I have never heard of it but I am sure someone on the internet will agree with your wife but it seems to me, having done research yourself that you don't have a confirmation to her claim. Get a test. You can get a private downloadable home test by going to Fairfaxidlab.com for only 165 dollars. That will definitely settle the issue. When you get there, click on pricing and you want product number three.

Answer: You are asking us to speculate on this woman's promiscuity? We will not do that. If you had sex with her then consider that is could be likely that you are the father of the child--then consider having a paternity test after the child is born.

Answer: Well, insurance will not cover a paternity test--however, we have one that is only 165 dollars (add an extra 55 dollars for the second child ) that you can download either at our website, fairfaxidlab.com or at Divorcenet's sister site, paternitynet.com. I would strongly suggest that you do one of these. Regards.

Answer: sure, it is called a motherless calculation and nowadays the tests are very accurate.

Answer: It is certainly possible using POC or Products of Conception if enough fetal cells can be collected

Answer: in the case of there of a man being "NOT THE FATHER" the result is 100 percent conclusive. Neither of these men fall within the ocnception period. Either there is a third man or a sample was mishandled by the person who took the sample. I suspect it was the former and that there is a third man.

Answer: Put this to bed immediately. Do not offer help until she consents to a paternity test.

Answer: uncle to niece or nephew tests are very iffy in nature. If you call 1-800-234-2528, the lab can help you put together a possible testing scenario.

Answer: The braid is useless. You need to contact the medical examiner's office and see about getting the samples released for a test. If you need help in getting the test set up contact Lonna Hall at 800-234-2528.

Answer: These are EXCELLENT questions to ask any lab that wants to sell you a paternity test. You can tell by their answers if they actually know what they are talking about and, personally, I won't buy from ANYONE who doesn't know their own product. Here are the answers:Which is more accurate, the swab or blood test?--Neither--they are the same. Both are vehicles for retrieving samples for a test. In blood, the dna is extracted from the white cells while in swabs the dna is extracted from the buccals. HOW CAN one be more accurate then the other? The only notable exception to my comments on blood and buccal is with blood--there is a second kind of test called an HLA test which is commonly referred to as a blood test. It is an immunological marker test and is NOT as powerful or as accurate as a dna test. does it make a difference if one or both parents do the test?--no, NOT REALLY but if you supply the mother you are making the task at hand simpler. Today's technology makes is easier to perform a dna test without the mother but sometimes the lab will be forced into performing extra testing which can hinder,in some instances, the turnaround time. Having the mother available usually allows the lab to be able to bypass the need for additional testing.

Answer: No. both parents should test if there is a doubt as to the paternity of the child. Eyes have nothing to do with it.

Answer: sounds like the hospital is putting pressure on you to sign some papers. They CLAIM they have a deadline for getting these in--I have seen hospitals wait for results to come back. Have a lawyer contact the hospital on your behalf and make sure that NOTHING gets processed until you have your results back. By the way, talk to them BEFORE you acquire the lawyer--you might start with the medical records people and if that doesn't work--talk to administrators--doctors and nurses won't be able to help you with this. You may also want to contact child support enforcement to see if marriage is considered conclusive proof of paternity.

Answer: Oh, goodness no! Samples are collected from the mouth so no invasive action will occur that oculd endanger your child.

Answer: The child would have been conceived somewhere between October 15 to around October 30th. You did not indicate when you had sex with the other man so it is hard to tell if he falls into the ocnception period. the court may be hesitant to order a test on a child who has a legal father--what I would do would be to do a home test with your husband to see if he actually is or is not the father. You can download an inexpensive version at our website--165 dollars.

Answer: Actually the LMP would be more like December 7th which would make the conception date somewhere between December 7th and December 22nd.

Answer: I guess my question is can he even GET a paternity test on a child that he is supposed to be paying support on. Lastly, you have to discuss outcomes directly with child support. We cannot answewr that question. To start,he needs to contact child support to make sure they will accept a paternity test.

Answer: BECAUSE I DELETED THEM. AS WE HAVE STATED BEFORE, WE ARE NOT LAWYERS AND CANNOT COMMENT ON THE RIGHTS AND LAWS OF EACH STATE. HAVING SAID THIS, PLEASE BE AWARE THAT WE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THESE QUESTIONS AND THAT THEY WILL BE DELETED FROM THE BOARD.

Answer: Risks must be assessed by a medical physician. You can do a paternity test at the 10th week of preganancy.

Answer: The child would have been conceived between March 1st and March 15th based on the information that you have supplied.

Answer: I think you have asked this quesiton before--the answer is no--the lab would be able to spot such shannanigans.

Answer: The child would have been conceived somewhere between July 23 through August 8th. You cannot pinpoint date of conception down to one date. It is a range.

Answer: For a home test kit--NO. For a court ready test, it depends on how the judge rules in the case. Ask your local lawyer for details on the legal aspect of this question.

Answer: The price of the test does not denote the quality of the test--that is irrelevant. You also tell me that this is a home kit so the results will not hold up in a court of law. It does not matter if the two people are collected together. From what you tell me about the saliva, I doubt seriously if it would have affected the results--the lab would have noticed if the child's sample contained two dna samples. First, the lab did not get the birth dates wrong--if this is a home kit which is what you are indicating then the collectors are getting it wrong--NOT THE LAB. The lab is only testing what it receives. It assumes that the collectors are honest enough to submit the test correctly. I would believe these results.

Answer: Based on the LMP, it is more likely that the EDD is 11/11/04 which would make the time of conception between February 4th and February 16th so based on the informatin that has been supplied--yes it is possbile and he should look into getting a test as soon as the baby is born.

Answer: It doesn't sound like the lab has much genetic information to go on. I might suggest that you contact Lonna Durrance at 800-234-2528 and consult with her about a new test if it is at all possible. She will want to know everyone who is available for testing.

Answer: From the time of birth-less then one day old.

Answer: I don't know where you are getting the idea that any allele is a racial indicator. Both allele 7 and allele 9.3 at the TH01 locus are found in ALL racial populations. The frequency within a particular population may vary, but neither the locus nor any of its alleles are "racial indicators."

Answer: First off, the points about eye color are irrelevant. I'm not sure why they're even mentioned since they have little bearing on paternity establishment. As for the numerical sequencing, it depends on how the samples are processed within the lab. If by "we took the test together," the writer means that everybody's sample was taken at exactly the same time at the courthouse, then those samples should have been package together and sent to the lab together. It would be the case, again in some labs but not necessarily all, that the package would have been opened and all three samples (mom, child, and tested man) cataloged together, in which case they might be expected to have sequential numbers. However, if there was some contentiousness between this tested man and the mother, it would be normal for the mother and the child to have their samples taken at a time separate from the tested man. Some people just don't play well together under situations of disputed parentage, and a wise court will separate them when possible. In that case, the man may have had his sample packaged at a time different from the mother and the child. That package would have been opened at the lab at a different time and thus would have a number out of sequence from the other two. I would assume that this is likely to have happened here, especially in light of the writer's comment that "the test was compromised and it happened at the court." The only way I can think of that anybody would suspect something like this would be if the samples were not packaged up at the same time. Then, as I suggested, the numerical sequence of the samples is not remarkable at all.

Answer: There seems to be a growing conviction, coming from where I don't know, that a certain NUMBER of markers needs to be tested for a test to be valid. THIS IS MISLEADING. What is necessary is that the test combination exclude a certain percentage of men who, in validation studies, would be falsely accused of fathering a child. For example, if the power of exclusion of a combination of tests is 99.99%, this means that 99.99% of the men, who are not fathers but are accused by the mother of being their child's father, will in fact be excluded by the test combination. In theory, that could happen if only six or seven markers are tested, and no reputable lab will test fewer than this. However, there is NO need to test every available genetic marker in order to issue a valid paternity evaluation report. If you want that level of certainty, fine, but no lab should tell you that you MUST have a very large number of markers tested or else your test is no good. If they tell you that, they're trying to take your money for no valid reason.

Answer: Some of what you cite indicates a lack of professionalism, certainly, on the lab's part, and I, too, would wonder about their overall credibility in view of the questions raised. As for the length of time that the lab took to get the results to you, it sounds odd but then again, things can happen in spite of quality of the original sample. If you want peace of mind, a retest won't hurt.

Answer: The three markers you cite are not off. There are matches between the man and the child on all three: The D18 has the man and the child with a 19, the D13 has the man and the child with 14, and the D16 has the man and the child sharing 13. Therefore, I don't understand your question.

Answer: We off free downloadable test kits and reduced prices as a GENUINE AABB certified Laboratory. We are the ONLY laboratory that uses an AABB adapted chain of custody with our test kit. We conduct the same quality and standards that are used on our Full Service (court prepared test). Honestly, I would only use ours-we require a witness and full identification. That is why you can trust us--not because a television personality told you to use it or because a kit is free but cause we don't EVER sacrifice the quality of our product The reason our tests are cheap is NOT because we are trying to lure buyers but because we work very hard at eliminating overhead and there is NOT a single reason to pass the cost of a test off onto a client. You can take a look at our QuickHIT downloadable series by going to Fairfax Identity Laboratories Look at product offering number three.

Answer: We off free downloadable test kits and reduced prices as a GENUINE AABB certified Laboratory. We are the ONLY laboratory that uses an AABB adapted chain of custody with our test kit. We conduct the same quality and standards that are used on our Full Service (court prepared test). Honestly, I would only use ours-we require a witness and full identification. That is why you can trust us--not because a television personality told you to use it or because a kit is free but cause we don't EVER sacrifice the quality of our product The reason our tests are cheap is NOT because we are trying to lure buyers but because we work very hard at eliminating overhead and there is NOT a single reason to pass the cost of a test off onto a client. You can take a look at our QuickHIT downloadable series by going to aFairfax Identity Laboratories Look at product offering number three.

Answer: absolutely--as long as the lab knows that a common relationship exists between the two father.

Answer: It is likely that the child was conceived in OCTOBER and not in December based upon the dat of birth of the child.

Answer: Chances are that the samples from that time may have been eliminated to make space or other newer cases. You need to check with the lab that did the test to see if sample is available. If not then you will have to do a new test.

Answer: You are an adult--she cannot test your samples without your consent. Also, the samples are NO good because of the way that they were collected. I will tell you that she will need more then ONE hair.

Answer: It's kind of an odd way to dry a swab since they dry pretty quickly but I can see no reason why holding a swab in from of a fan would cause it to become contaminated. Besides, if you used a competent lab and there are AT LEAST a couple out there then the lab should be able to pick up on any odd readings.

Answer: The only time that you HAVE to submit to a paternity test is if you are ordered by a court. If you do not do the test voluntarily then the mother could ask the court to intervene.

Answer: lET ME JUST SAY THIS AS I HAVE SAID MANY TIMES BEFORE. IF YOU POST A QUESTION HERE THAT SHOULD BE ASKED OF AN ATTORNEY IT WILL BE DELETED. WE ARE NOT LAWYERS AND WE NEVER WILL BE.

Answer: I have identical triplet brothers Two have slept with the same girl and she got pregnant. They both had a DNA test, which obviously resulted in the same number results. ONE of them is the father, but we will never know which one through testing. The courts in Washington county, Minnesota are still pursuing a jury trial to make one responsible for paying child support. Is this legal, or do they have any grounds to do this? Why can't my brothers lawyers (who are working together in this case)ask for this case to be thrown out since it will never be determined who the actual father is?

Answer: I guess my quetion to you is why dont you just find a lab that will sell you the 16 markers (this is the new DNA hype to sell tests by the way) and have this retested? My reccolection is that ************ which was acquired by ***** was one of the best labs in the country at the time. The testing you have here does not reflect ther quality but instead reflects the requirement of the American Association of Bloodbanks (AABB). It would not hurt for you to retest is you feel at ALL uncomfortable with the test.

Answer: If you have the a sibling and you KNOW you share the same father, then do a sibling study to determine maternity. If you are siblings then you will whole--if she is NOT your mother then you will only be half sibs.

Answer: Your last menstrual should calculate with the due date. In this case if your last menstrual period was december 21st then your probable due date would calculate out to be Sepember 27th. NOW if your due date is actually September 27th, then the date RANGE of conception would have occurred somewhere between December 21st and January 5th so your doctor is correcto. EITHER man could be the father of the child.

Answer: The mother has to pass either an A or a B gene to any child she has, and the child will express that gene. That is, the child will be either A or B or AB, depending on what the type of the father is. Whether there is an incestuous relationship or not is irrelevant. "Not usually" means that a mutation would have to occur. Mutations are rare by definition, hence they are "not usually" seen.

Answer: We cannot assist you with legal inforamtion but I would start by consult with a family law attorney.

Answer: not without a parent, conservator, guardian or a court order.

Answer: He doesn't know me and I am not known for doing "favors". What you want to do in this case is make sure that you pick the lab and that you control the collections. It is possible for him to exert influence on the collection. I will not speak for other labs that I do not know but frankly for 405 dollars a test (legal version) i am not going to sacrifice my career.

Answer: Well, it would not be a matter of quality control assurances. When labs extract the dna they will know immediately the sex of the child. You cannot trick a lab on the molecular matter.

Answer: There is actually two ways--confront her and ask for a maternity test--if you have a brother or a sister that you KNOW she gave birth to test to see if you are siblings.

Answer: conception would have clearly happened in May.

Answer: You're misreading the report--5 out of 15 LOCI and that is a very BIG exclusion so according to the test you are not the father. I CANNOT over emphasize that ANYTIME you doubt a paternity test, get a second opinion--that means have a NON HOME test to verify the first.

Answer: Only the paternity test can tell you. Good luck.

Answer: not likely.

Answer: At your stage, you should wait until the baby is born--you only have to wait a couple of days--not weeks. By the way, if your LMP is 12/15/03 then the range of conception would be 12/15/03 to 12/30/03.

Answer: No,not possible.

Answer: It is his right to have access to those results--it only takes 5-7 days for a GOOD lab to process a test. Contact the lab and find out what the hold up is and how he can get a copy of the results. IF the lab does not cooperate, then get a supoena.

Answer: 95 percent leaves a 5 percent margin of error. The test is not finished. They either need to finish the test or you can grab one of inexpensive home kits that are listed in our moste recent threads. Our test ARE accurate.

Answer: Oh, good lord--you DO know those samples were shipped to Canada and tested by a foreign lab, right. So, the results are NOT endorsed by the AABB and the results, no matter what the lab tells you, are NOT statistically validated in this country not to mention that courts generally DO NOT recognize prenatal test to begin with. NOW assuming that you have invested a pile of money in this test, wait unti the baby is born and do one of our INEXPENSIVE home versions. ANYONE who has the fetal cell separation test owes it to themselves to take this test. YOu can get the free downloadable kit by going to Free Downloadable FIL Paternity Test Kit" Good Luck!!!

Answer: Here is the REAL deal--honestly, it depends on what the court decides when the case is heard. The court has all of those options to choose from so the reason you are confused is because EVERYONE is right.

Answer: You can go to our website, Fairfax Identity Lab FREE Test Kit and look at product 3.. Just download the kit and you and the child and an impartial witness can do the test--quietly. Take care. ----- Original Message -----

Answer: Ok.....I have NO idea why you are saying this in this forum but let me cryptically state: "Let's see how far she is willing to go..."

Answer: Again, ours are--won't vouch for quality of others.

Answer: Ours are-- because we are an actual laboratory--there are centers and testings and facilities online that are nothing more then fronts for other labs so you may not like one lab for a particular reason and so you go online--see a product that you like and unbeknowst to you--the lab you did not like gets the test. How dishonest is that? ONLY use a company if you can verify they are an actual lab. Our phone number is all over the site--we are not afraid to be reached. I will not endorse other products on the net and watch out for companies that want to send you FREE kits. Just go to our site and download one--why wait and you don't put any money down until you send in the sample.

Answer: recalculation will likely just raise the percentage--race just helps narrow down the numbers--by the way, Italians are European Caucasion, not hispanic. Recalc couldnt hurt but is not necessary. Regarding your last question, most states do not require 99.9 or even 99.0--I have seen some states that stil accept 97 so the 99 percentile is courtesy of the labs--NOT THE STATE. Most are willing to settle for much less.

Answer: August 28th through september 11th

Answer: courts do not accept prenatal test results so you would be wasting your time with the so called fetal cell separation test which I understand can cost over 1000 dollars. If you can be more specific with your LMP I might be able to help you so drop me a line if you figure it out--happy to help.

Answer: DHR can do whatever they want--they are officers of the court.

Answer: It will NOT come back as 100 percent. 99.9 or better will be the best you can get but not 100. Also,the test does not have to come back at 99.9 or better--it only has to meet the state's requirement. If you search this forum you will find an link to the federal ocse and they have the percentages listed there.

Answer: Scientist place their reporting in carefully worded statements--because they have to and because, as scientists, I just don't think they can help themselves. Seriously though, our client, pick up the phone and call us--I will usually ask them to read the final statement and then I can explain to them. "Included" means he IS the father, Excluded means he is NOT the father--also look out for the biggest confuser of them all "NOT Excluded". That means that he IS the father. If you do not understand, just contact the lab and if they have good customer service then they should help you right out--if not--drop me a line here at the experts board.

Answer: If the father does not have custody of you and his name is not on your birth certificate then you will need the mother to sign for you.

Answer: Yes, you can still get pregant.

Answer: If he signed papers of ANY KIND OR RUFUSED TO sign papers or participate with or repond to the court OR he was married to the mother when these children were born then, YES the court can pretty much do whatever it wants.

Answer: The court will NOT address this until the baby is acutally born and don't look for the hospital to get involved with collecting a test is you are so ready to involve a court. Hospitals have risk management teams that encourage the hospitals to shy away from such issues.

Answer: a test should only take 5-7 days to complete. the baby will have EITHER the type of the mother OR the type of the father. The father does NOT determine the type.

Answer: Famous last words. When the child is financially a burden she is going to want some help--IF she goes on public aid-she will not come after you but the state certainly will because they are a collection agency. You have to sign to have your name placed on the certificate so DO NOT SIGN anything especially papers the hospital will try to hand to you to sign. If the state comes after you for support they will also want back support.

Answer: Unless he gets a court order, it is up to you if you want a test--if he obtains a court order then you must comply.

Answer: I am afraid I cannot help you here but keep trying different attorneys until you get one that will help. Ge the dna test (both tests) looked at by an AABB certificed laboratory. Finally, if you CANNOT get help resolving this issue--go to the media, the talk shows and even your congressman as well as the bar association and talk loudly. Good luck.

Answer: Your question is not clear to me but ALL states are empowered and are required by the Federal Government to establish paternity.

Answer: There are four possbile combinations with that type and O is one of them. So your answer is yes. I can't give you odds.

Answer: First, don't look for the courts to give you an order for this test. Your best bet would be to get with a rep at at dna lab and go over your options--the rep will ask you a series of questions so that he can advise you of the best test possible in your situation. You may be leaving out information here so talking to someone directly is important. The answer is yes, you can but you should brace yourself for an expensive and longe term test. You best bet is see if he has any other childrend and try to get them tested. Aunt or uncle relatiionship studies are very "hit and miss".

Answer: Bottom line: you can always refuse a test but the court can MAKE you the father is you refuse to cooperate.

Answer: This is a paternity forum and we do not give legal advice. I don't know the particulars of the case but the more people who are excluded the possibility for faher becomes great each time a man is eliminated. he should just wait for the results and at some point get some solid legal advice.

Answer: Probably the one night stand--you really need to get a pternity test.

Answer: according to what you are telling me NEITHER of them fall into the conception period which would be May 14 to May 27th. Was there a third guy you were with earlier?

Answer: I find it curious that he is claiming he is not the father, claims his HALF brother could be the father but he has never openly appealed to the court to have the HALF brother tested. There is a 0.01 percent chance that your husband is NOT the father of the child. To get the court to overturn the evidence he would NEED some pretty substantial verifiable proof that would or could be accepted into a court of law as evidence and that means evidence that is secured NOT to have been tampered with. November 29th to December 15th would have been the conception period but because the conception calculations are only estimates don't expect to be able to use it as evidence. Good luck.

Answer: you have a 50 50 chance either way--hard to tell at this point.

Answer: Your few friends should check their facts--6 months is absolutely NOT true. You can test as soon as the child enters this world. BTW, the 6 month myth in dna testing comes from the old HLA blood test where typically you drew blood at months but that was even untrue because hand sticks, finger stick and heel sticks were available to collec the child even earlier.

Answer: As we have posted many times before--10 weeks. You can't get a court order for an invasive procedure. If the woman refuses you will just have to wait.

Answer: Some labs will tell you differently but you need BOTH grandparents on the father's side. Otherwise, the lab is just smiling with teeth gleaming holding out a hand to take your money. Always get second opinions.

Answer: the child would have been conceived between May 31st and June 15th. Hope this helps.

Answer: None that I know of and since we don't perform the test before the 10th week I could not answer the second part of your question.

Answer: I haven't seen a test in the eighties in quite some time--simplly put--more testing on that man needed to be done and Missouri should have and probably did tell her that. Go ahead and do the test but keep very close eye on his collection and make sure you are famiiar with the lab that does the test and I would not use the first one--they did not finish the job.

Answer: will depend on if there are hair folicles. You may want to see if there was an autopsy--if there was, the coroner's office may have plenty of samples in storage.

Answer: will depend on if there are hair folicles. You may want to see if there was an autopsy--if there was, the coroner's office may have plenty of samples in storage.

Answer: you left out crucial information--the types and Rh of BOTH your parents. Looking at your siblings means nothing. Consider this though: a positive and a positive wil yield a negative or a positive. A negative and a negative will yield ONLY a negative and a negative and a positive will yield either a positive OR a negative. Hope this helps.

Answer: it is likely that he will continue to pay child support so you should see an attorney as soon as the results are available so that you can weigh your options.

Answer: Not very often if the first test was conducted correctly and was not a home test you did on your own(they weren't commonly available 8 years ago so it probably was not a home kit) and you did not send in a ringer or bribe someone. You should be ok.

Answer: no

Answer: You need her dna sample to compare to hers. As an adult you need her permission.

Answer: He probably should have check with her before putting out the money. All he can do how is see a lawyer.

Answer: 10 weeks.

Answer: When Family court comes for him he will need to request a paternity test at that time.

Answer: You will have to pay out of pocket. The decision as to have the test is entirely up to you but if money the weighing factor then it is cheaper to wait until the baby is born.

Answer: Yes, but you need his consent to use his dna

Answer: No,the sample would have expired by now and you are at 28 weeks. He will have to be patient and wait until the baby is born.

Answer: Your best bet is to get a court order so you will need an attorney.

Answer: It does NOT effect the outcome of the paternity test.

Answer: I am NOT going to tell you how to do that.

Answer: Take your boyfriend and go have a test--you are not going to resolve this by sitting around speculating. Just take a test.

Answer: They would not send the results to Greensboro, NC. There are no Paterity labs there anymore. As for you validating the results--well you can find out WHO the lab actually is and contact them yorself if you have questions about their procedures.

Answer: the conception would have ocurred between December 13th and December 28th.

Answer: If you mean Navy Seaman or the Merchant Marines then the answer is yes. If you mean SEMEN then YES IF the semen contains sperm. It is the sperm which penetrates the egg--the semen is the carrier.

Answer: With the approval of your physician you can do one at 10 weeks up until the 20th. Please see the many other postings that we have seen on this subject.

Answer: Wait until the child is born and have a paternity test through Child Support Enformcement. Prenatal testing is not recognized by the court system and so is useless if the is found to be the father. The procedures in this country is invasive and you CANNOT get a test at 6 months--you are too far along. There is a procedure in another country but it is not validated, cost OVER 1000 dollars American and frankly is a waste of time.

Answer: He can get the results by contacting the lab that did the testing. He might need a court order in order for the lab to be able to cooperate. Until you see the results you cannot tell who the father is. 88 percent is too low--99 percent is more accpetable.

Answer: I think she may be wasting her time if there were two excluded fathers and one OTHER father not tested--she is in denial--she needs to test the third guy and remove all of the variables.

Answer: If the twins are identical--no. If the twins are fraternal, then a standard paternity test will answer the question.

Answer: The lab that did the test for you should be very willing to answer these questions. If they aren't, you're not dealing with a very professional outfit. The loci are, to put it simply, regions of the DNA that exist in people, and that have different physical sizes in different people. The regions differ with regard to the number of times a small section of the DNA at these loci is repeated. The numbers recorded for the mother, the child, and the alleged father indicate the number of repeats. At each locus, the tested people will have two alleles, or forms of the marker. One of the alleles gets passed on to, or is inherited from, each of a person's parents. The PI or paternity index is the likelihood that the tested man is the father of the tested child, compared to the likelihood of finding those same genetic markers in the population by chance that the man and the child share.

Answer: NO REPUTABLE LABORATORY WOULD ASSIST YOU IN WHAT YOU ARE ASKING. IT IS DISHONEST.

Answer: Testing is done to reach a level stipulated by the state legislature where you live. That level is usually relatively low, however, considering the level of testing that can be done. However, the lab typically has a policy of testing to a certain probability of paternity, after which a report is issued. If the stipulated probability of paternity is 99.9% and that level of certainty is reached with after 9 markers, further testing is not automatically done. (I don't understand what you mean by "only 5 markers coming from the father alone." If only five tests were done, that is a little light for my liking. If you mean that there were other markers tested but for them there wasn't complete clarity as to which marker came from the mother and which came from the father, that's OK. It's taken into consideration when the calculations are done.) The lab also tests to something called a "power of exclusion" which is typically in the neighborhood of 99.9% too. That means that 99.9% of other men, unrelated to the tested guy, would be excluded solely by the tests that were performed. If you say that the timing of the birth was wrong compared with the time of the sexual encounter, you could challenge the test results on that basis, but be prepared to back up your claim about the timing with airtight documentation. Your word alone as to when the sexual encounter happened won't be good enough.

Answer: By the overall evidence of the remaining genetic matches. DNA has a documented rate of change, and the form of that change is also characterized and documented. (If DNA didn't change, all living things would still be just little blobs swimming in the ocean and nothing more.) The lab also should have done additional testing to look for more mismatches between the child and the alleged father; a single mismatch is not enough to declare that he's not the father, precisely because of the possibility of mutations happening. To cover all the bases, the lab also checked to see whether a close relative of the alleged father might also have been involved, because that can lead to many matches with a few mismatches. When close relatives are involved, the number of mismatches is usually more than one, however. With no mismatches and only a single mismatch, the reasonable assumption of a mutation was made and the likelihood of that mutation was factored into the calculation of the overall paternity index. Look for a paternity index (or X/Y ratio) somewhere in the neighborhood of 0.001, which will be far lower than any of the others on the report.

Answer: Anytime that you doubt the validity of a test you should retake the test--only this time use an American lab so that you can be in constant touch with the testing facility and no customes issue will crop up.

Answer: I cannot help you--the results will be sent from the lab to the court first and then the court will release the results. You just have to keep calling and checking in. No magic formula here unfortunately--you just need immense patience.

Answer: I am sorry but I don't know your results. You will have to get them from the child support office--it may take quite a bit of time so be patient.

Answer: 10 weeks.

Answer: Do the testing AFTER the child is born if you can--testing after the child is born is non invasive and painless. If the court mandates a test, contact us and we will help you arrange for testing.

Answer: She tells you she is on the pill and that she would have an abortion if she got pregnant? Paternity testing cannot determine the race of a child. If you do not submit to a test it is possible that she could take you to court and you could be compelled to take the test.

Answer: ANYTIME that a paternity is cast in doubt is a wise time to have a test.

Answer: No,not really. There might be a variance of a couple of points in the PI but he would still calculate out to be the father.

Answer: Don't take the test UNTIL you talk to an attorney first--and DON'T SIGN ANYTHING--the reason being is that paternity may already be established since the other guy signed the birth certificate--take the test ONLY under the advice of an attorney. He can also advise you on your other legal questions. Point is--depending on your state--and the attorney will know--the birth certificate may make all the difference in the wo